Table 2 Potential risk factors for treatment failure in patients undergoing CD

Hypertension

NO

1376 (89.5%)

656 (89.7%)

720 (89.3%)

0.069

0.793

YES

161 (10.5%)

75 (10.3%)

86 (10.7%)

Diabetes

NO

1497 (97.4%)

718 (98.2%)

779 (96.7%)

3.735

0.053

YES

40 (2.6%)

139 (1.8%)

27 (3.3%)

Corticosteroid treatment

NO

1390 (90.4%)

664 (90.8%)

726 (90.1%)

0.256

0.613

YES

147 (9.6%)

67 (9.2%)

80 (9.9%)

Osteoporosis

0.19 ± 1.38

0.18 ± 1.37

0.19 ± 1.39

-0.054

0.957

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.42 ± 1.04

4.44 ± 1.04

4.41 ± 1.04

0.540

0.589

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.51 ± 0.84

1.58 ± 0.89

1.45 ± 0.80

2.828

0.005

Haemoglobin (g/L)

139.12 ± 15.48

142.01 ± 15.92

136.50 ± 14.59

7.087

< 0.001

VAS score

4 ± 2.47

3.98 ± 2.50

4.02 ± 2.45

-0.321

0.749

Harris hip score

71.52 ± 11.55

72.93 ± 12.88

70.24 ± 11.11

4.596

0.721

Number of channels

2

524 (34.1%)

264 (36.1%)

260 (32.3%)

2.538

0.111

3

1031 (67.1%)

467 (63.9%)

546 (67.7%)

Disease duration (months)

4.37 ± 5.24

3.49 ± 4.33

5.17 ± 5.85

-6.425

< 0.001

Dialysis

NO

1527 (99.3%)

727 (99.5%)

800 (99.3%)

0.231

0.631

YES

10 (0.7%)

4 (0.5%)

6 (0.7%)

Vasculitis

NO

1532 (99.7%)

729 (99.7%)

803 (99.6%)

0.115

0.735

YES

5 (0.3)

2 (0.3%)

3 (0.4%)

Arterial thrombosis

NO

1532 (99.7%)

728 (99.6%)

804 (99.8%)

0.311

0.577

YES

5 (0.3%)

3 (0.4%)

2 (0.2%)

Immune system diseases

NO

1511 (98.3%)

722 (98.8%)

789 (97.9%)

1.777

0.183

YES

26 (1.7%)

9 (1.2%)

17 (2.1%)

Preoperative treatment with hip preservation

NO

997 (64.9%)

477 (65.3%)

520 (64.5%)

0.091

0.762

YES

540 (35.1%)

254 (34.7%)

286 (35.5%)

Preoperative crutch use

NO

1520 (98.9%)

723 (98.9%)

797 (98.9%)

0.002

0.967

YES

17 (1.1%)

8 (1.1%)

9 (1.1%)

ARCO stage

I

374 (24.3%)

180 (24.6%)

194 (24.1%)

0.064

0.800

II

1163 (75.7%)

551 (75.4%)

612 (75.9%)

Femoral head radius (mm)

25.99 ± 2.05

25.98 ± 2.10

26.00 ± 2.00

-0.230

0.818

Crescent sign

NO

1507 (98%)

722 (98.8%)

785 (97.4%)

3.783

0.052

YES

30 (2%)

9 (1.2%)

21 (2.6%)

Cystic changes of the femoral head

NO

879 (57.2%)

429 (58.7%)

450 (55.8%)

1.277

0.259

YES

658 (42.8%)

302 (41.3%)

356 (44.2%)

MRI feature-intensity

α

158 (10.3%)

93 (12.7%)

65 (8.1%)

16.195

< 0.001

β

692 (45%)

345 (47.2%)

347 (43.1%)

γ

687 (44.7%)

293 (40.1%)

394 (48.9%)

MRI feature-sum

I

751 (48.9%)

434 (59.4%)

317 (39.3%)

80.728

< 0.001

II

190 (12.4%)

98 (13.4%)

92 (11.4%)

III

596 (38.8%)

199 (27.2%)

397 (49.3%)

MRI feature-“double-line” sign

NO

315 (20.5%)

191 (26.1%)

124 (15.4%)

27.157

< 0.001

YES

1222 (79.5%)

540 (73.9%)

682 (84.6%)

MRI feature-bone marrow oedema

NO

971 (63.2%)

473 (64.7%)

498 (61.8%)

9.667

0.022

I

53 (3.4%)

27 (3.7%)

26 (3.2%)

II

142 (9.2%)

50 (6.8%)

92 (11.4%)

III

371 (24.1%)

181 (24.8%)

190 (23.6%)

MRI feature-articular effusion

NO

529 (34.4%)

267 (36.5%)

262 (32.5%)

2.743

0.098

YES

1008 (65.6%)

464 (63.5%)

544 (67.5%)

The combined necrosis angle

167.70 ± 83.37

131.59 ± 77.13

200.44 ± 74.91

-17.742

< 0.001

Articular glenoid labral tear

NO

1487 (96.7%)

705 (96.4%)

782 (97%)

0.408

0.523

YES

50 (3.3%)

26 (3.6%)

24 (3%)

Acetabular impingement syndrome

NO

777 (50.6%)

381 (52.1%)

396( 49.1%)

1.370

0.242

YES

760 (49.4%)

350 (47.9%)

410 (50.9%)