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Table 1 Basic information of included studies

From: Use of artificial neural networks in the prognosis of musculoskeletal diseases—a scoping review

Author (region)

Year of publication

Study design

Journal

Objectives

Type of disease/injury

Alfieri et al. (USA)

2015

Cohort study

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

Estimating the likelihood of wound-specific HO formation and determining (1) which model is most accurate; and (2) which technique is best suited for clinical use

Heterotopic Ossification

Almhdie et al. (France)

2022

Cohort study

Arthritis Research and Therapy

To evaluate the predictive ability of a combined approach using both TBT descriptors deep learning-based Siamese CNN tools to predict KOA progression

Knee osteoarthritis

Bevevino et al. (USA)

2014

Cross-sectional study

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

Determining which model (artificial neural network and a logistic regression model) more accurately estimated the likelihood of amputation and which was better suited for clinical use

Combat-related Open Calcaneus Fractures

Bowman et al. (UK)

2018

Cohort study

Muscle and Nerve

Develop and validate a comprehensive, multivariate prognostic model for carpal tunnel surgery in a large sample of ordinary NHS surgical procedures

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Chen et al. (China)

2020

Cohort study

Medicina

To validate the accuracy of an ANN model for predicting the mortality after hip fracture surgery during the study period, and to compare performance between the ANN and Cox regression model

Hip fracture

Eller-Vainicher et al. (Italy)

2011

Cohort study

PLoS One

To Comparing ANNs and LR in recognising, on the basis of osteoporotic risk-factors and other clinical information, patients with SDI ≥ 1 and SDI ≥ 5 from those with SDI = 0

Osteoporotic fractures

Jalali et al. (USA)

2020

Cohort study

Anesthesia and analgesia

Developing a machine-learning model to predict blood product transfusion requirements for individual pediatric patients undergoing craniofacial surgery

Craniosynostosis

Kim et al. (Korea)

2022

Cross-sectional study

Pain Physician

Developed and investigated the accuracy of a CNN model for predicting therapeutic outcomes after TFESI for controlling chronic lumbosacral radicular pain

Chronic Lumbosacral Radicular Pain

Kim et al. (USA)

2018

Cohort study

Spine Deformity

To train and validate machine learning models to identify risk factors for complications following surgery for adult ASD

Adult spinal deformity

Lu et al. (USA)

2021

Cohort study

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine

To develop and internally validate a machine-learning model to predict the outcomes after ASI

Anterior Shoulder Instability

Miyoshi et al. (Japan)

2016

Cohort study

Modern rheumatology

Develop ANN model for predicting the clinical response to IFX in RA patients

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Norgeot et al. (USA)

2019

Cohort study

JAMA Netw Open

To assess the ability of an artificial intelligence system to prognosticate the state of disease activity of patients with RA at their next clinical visit

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Salgueiro et al. (Spain)

2013

Cohort study

Pain medicine

Evaluate the ability of ANNs to predict the response of persons with FMS to a standard, 4-week interdisciplinary pain program

Fibromyalgia syndrome

Scheer et al. (USA)

2017

Cohort Study

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine

To develop a

model based demographic, radiographic, and surgical factors that can predict if patients will sustain an intra/perioperative major complication

Spinal deformity

Shin et al. (Korea)

2022

Cohort study

Medicina

To investigate the usefulness of DNN models based on 18F- FDG-PET and blood inflammatory markers to assess the therapeutic response in PVO

Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis

Su et al. (China)

2022

Cohort study

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

To explore the prognostic factors of endoscopic surgery for OA and to predict the long-term efficacy of this type of surgery for OA by ANNs

Osteoarthritis

Wang et al. (China)

2017

Cross-sectional study

PeerJ

Using clinical examination indicators predicts interstitial lung disease among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Yahara et al. (Japan)

2022

Cohort study

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

To develop a new diagnostic platform using DCNN to predict the risk of scoliosis progression in patients with AIS

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

  1. AIS Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, ASD Adult spinal deformity, DNN Deep neural network, DCNN Deep convolutional neural network, FDG-PET Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, FMS Fibromyalgia syndrome, IFX Infliximab, KOA Knee osteoarthritis, NHS National Health Service, OA Osteoarthritis, PVO Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, ROC Receiver operating characteristic, SDI Spinal deformity index, TBT Trabecular bone texture