Table 1 Prevalent cases, incident cases and YLDs due to low back pain in 2019 and percentage change of age-standardised rates during 1990–2019. (Generated from data available from http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool)

North Africa and Middle East

43,239,039

(37,773,370, 48,819,120)

7668.2

(6798, 8636.3)

− 5.8

(− 7.4, − 4.3)

18,336,870

(16,080,397, 20,926,523)

3215.9

(2838.8, 3638.3)

− 4.4

(− 5.5, − 3.4)

4,899,300

(3,404,485, 6,533,347)

862

(605.5, 1153.3)

−6

(− 7.7, − 4.2)

Afghanistan

1,757,626

(1,520,204, 2,005,763)

7307

(6427, 8281.8)

0.9

(− 2.8, 4.9)

781,631

(677,351, 895,750)

3108.2

(2743.7, 3521.5)

0.6

(− 2.4, 3.5)

196,023

(136,064, 264,247)

803.6

(568, 1075.4)

1

(− 3.6, 5.7)

Algeria

2,938,809

(2,560,184, 3,336,911)

7237.5

(6353.5, 8175.9)

− 1.9

(− 5.8, 1.9)

1,257,427

(1,097,529, 1,445,308)

3081.2

(2713.3, 3498)

−1.8

(− 4.7, 1.1)

333,813

(230,155, 447,252)

816.5

(567.8, 1094)

− 2.1

(− 6.3, 2.3)

Bahrain

120,196

(102,199, 139,069)

7213.6

(6350.1, 8149)

−1

(− 4.7, 3.1)

51,265

(43,818, 59,721)

3082.6

(2707.7, 3504)

−1

(− 4.3, 2.1)

13,742

(9477, 18,769)

808.9

(568.9, 1083.6)

−1.2

(− 5.5, 3.2)

Egypt

6,364,141

(5,533,169, 7,233,281)

7461.2

(6540.7, 8414.6)

2.2

(− 1.6, 6.5)

2,738,368

(2,402,636, 3,135,984)

3155.7

(2789.9, 3568.5)

1.3

(− 1.6, 4.3)

724,668

(504,744, 974,424)

842.9

(590.7, 1130.1)

2.2

(− 2.2, 6.9)

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

7,415,044

(6,524,554, 8,393,689)

8486.5

(7533.8, 9528.3)

− 9.5

(− 10.6, − 8.3)

3,050,709

(2,686,650, 3,487,116)

3493

(3092.5, 3949.5)

− 8.4

(− 9.2, − 7.5)

837,779

(583,888, 1,128,834)

951.9

(668.9, 1275.2)

− 9.5

(− 10.7, − 8.2)

Iraq

2,476,373

(2,157,322, 2,802,292)

7172.3

(6322.7, 8116.5)

− 3.1

(− 6.5, 0.6)

1,079,909

(949,882, 1,240,336)

3058.3

(2709.3, 3476.3)

− 2.6

(− 5.4, 0)

279,601

(193,899, 377,243)

802.3

(560.9, 1078.3)

− 2.6

(− 6.6, 1.3)

Jordan

717,146

(622,952, 816,397)

7253.9

(6391.6, 8222.1)

− 1.1

(− 4.7, 2.5)

312,024

(271,793, 358,356)

3094.6

(2725.9, 3511.3)

− 1.1

(− 4.1, 1.9)

81,779

(56,682, 108,985)

819.8

(570.5, 1091.2)

− 1

(− 4.9, 3.2)

Kuwait

346,361

(297,418, 398,409)

7412

(6519.9, 8339.5)

0.3

(− 3.5, 4.4)

147,167

(126,465, 171,814)

3140.3

(2778.6, 3552.8)

− 0.2

(− 3.3, 2.5)

39,639

(26,978, 53,817)

835.7

(589.3, 1121)

− 0.1

(− 4.3, 4.3)

Lebanon

346,477

(304,628, 392,389)

6493.5

(5721.5, 7349.7)

− 0.8

(− 4.2, 2.8)

150,708

(132,419, 171,751)

2830.3

(2484.6, 3214.3)

− 1

(− 4, 1.8)

38,867

(27,267, 52,121)

727.2

(511.5, 966)

− 1

(− 4.7, 3.1)

Libya

490,208

(423,628, 561,130)

7103.7

(6233.9, 8024.1)

− 2.4

(− 6.2, 1.3)

210,985

(183,586, 243,608)

3042

(2684.6, 3459)

− 2.2

(− 5, 1.1)

55,476

(38,326, 75,270)

796.3

(558.9, 1069.2)

−3.1

(− 7.1, 1.1)

Morocco

2,770,031

(2,428,118, 3,142,593)

7717.5

(6818.5, 8677.7)

2.4

(−1.6, 6.6)

1,165,371

(1,027,188, 1,327,666)

3230.5

(2860.1, 3658.1)

1.3

(− 1.5, 4.3)

313,322

(220,856, 423,475)

868

(610.1, 1167)

2.2

(− 2.2, 6.9)

Oman

307,584

(259,823, 357,611)

7209.6

(6333.4, 8186.6)

− 0.9

(− 4.7, 3.4)

133,636

(113,171, 158,197)

3087.2

(2716.5, 3502.3)

− 0.9

(− 4, 2.4)

35,426

(24,025, 48,333)

812.7

(568.2, 1092.1)

− 0.9

(− 5.3, 3.9)

Palestine

265,697

(232,238, 301,139)

7102.3

(6257.6, 7999.9)

− 3.4

(− 7.1, 0.3)

117,259

(102,576, 134,388)

3042.9

(2687.5, 3462.5)

−2.7

(− 5.6, 0.7)

29,959

(20,907, 39,885)

793.3

(560.7, 1063.7)

− 3.7

(− 7.6, 0.6)

Qatar

222,755

(188,144, 258,441)

7483.1

(6566.5, 8458.3)

0.1

(− 3.8, 4.7)

95,630

(81,013, 114,716)

3184.1

(2795.4, 3622.6)

− 0.4

(− 3.7, 2.9)

25,695

(17,541, 35,014)

839.5

(592.4, 1132.8)

− 0.2

(− 4.8, 5.1)

Saudi Arabia

2,553,569 (2,178,915, 2,947,793)

7170.1

(6283.2, 8113.1)

0.3

(− 3.3, 4.1)

1,104,496

(943,692, 1,291,967)

3071.7

(2708.8, 3479.2)

− 0.2

(− 3.3, 2.9)

291,699

(199,992, 397,000)

803

(568.3, 1071.7)

0

(− 4, 4.4)

Sudan

2,093,653

(1,817,650, 2,382,925)

7006.6

(6190.2, 7926.1)

− 1.3

(− 4.7, 2.3)

927,368

(803,298, 1,067,815)

3010.1

(2654, 3429.2)

− 1.2

(− 4, 1.4)

237,414

(164,627, 316,341)

788.3

(553.5, 1045.1)

− 1.3

(− 5.2, 2.6)

Syrian Arab Republic

1,007,021

(871,605, 1,147,942)

7160.2

(6255, 8108.7)

− 4.2

(− 8, − 0.2)

433,623

(378,477, 495,509)

3056.3

(2686.2, 3463.2)

− 3.6

(− 6.3, − 0.8)

113,375

(79,653, 152,271)

802.3

(559.6, 1070.6)

−5

(− 9.1, − 0.7)

Tunisia

897,946

(783,942, 1,024,027)

7022.1

(6160.7, 7987.7)

0.4

(− 3.4, 4.6)

382,940

(337,333, 438,013)

3009.4

(2660.6, 3420.7)

−0.1

(− 3.2, 3.5)

101,525

(71,422, 135,332)

791.5

(553.5, 1052.4)

0.1

(− 4.2, 5)

Turkey

7,730,835

(6,788,734, 8,691,678)

8453.5

(7457.1, 9478.7)

− 14.2

(− 19.5, − 9.2)

3,140,050

(2,767,927, 3,566,643)

3452.6

(3052.3, 3899.1)

−9.5

(− 13.4, − 5.8)

874,588

(608,052, 1,178,266)

953.6

(671.3, 1283.5)

−14.4

(− 19.9, − 8.9)

United Arab Emirates

770,334

(641,479, 919,311)

7101.6

(6223.6, 8047.2)

− 0.5

(− 4.9, 4.4)

330,457

(271,005, 401,767)

3053

(2672, 3475.2)

− 0.8

(− 4.2, 2.9)

89,026

(60,322, 122,762)

798.9

(559.5, 1067.8)

−0.7

(− 5.5, 4.4)

Yemen

1,603,302

(1,388,518, 1,831,446)

7208.7

(6336, 8120.3)

−5.4

(− 9.1, − 1.8)

707,218

(614,181, 811,161)

3072.8

(2702.7, 3471.5)

−4.4

(− 7.3, − 1.2)

180,905

(124,718, 242,346)

807.2

(563.7, 1075.2)

−5.4

(− 9.3, − 1.4)