Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction

Table 2 Comparison results between two groups

Variable	Groups	Mean	SD	P value
SHA (Degree)	Non-Addicted	21.80	4.61	0.083
SHA (Degree)	Addicted	24.03	4.97	0.083
CA (Degree)	Non-Addicted	54.70	4.89	< 0.001*^±
CA (Degree)	Addicted	47.66	3.47	< 0.001*^±
SA (Degree)	Non-Addicted	65.70	1.00	0.424
SA (Degree)	Addicted	63.93	1.15	0.424
FHD (cm)	Non-Addicted	9.40	1.67	< 0.001*^±
FHD (cm)	Addicted	11.86	1.71	< 0.001*^±
JPS (mm)	Non-Addicted	10.63	5.72	0.387
JPS (mm)	Addicted	9.00	2.74	0.387
Flexion ROM (degree)	Non-Addicted	50.90	9.46	0.911
Flexion ROM (degree)	Addicted	51.43	8.23	0.911
Extension (degree)	Non-Addicted	39.83	8.27	0.369
Extension (degree)	Addicted	41.43	8.86	0.369
Rotation (Degree)	Non-Addicted	41.86	8.10	0.296
Rotation (Degree)	Addicted	41.70	7.57	0.296
Lateral Flexion (Degree)	Non-Addicted	53.16	1.06	0.913
Lateral Flexion (Degree)	Addicted	55.86	1.01	0.913
Flexor Endurance (Seconds)	Non-Addicted	19.00	6.57	0.083
Flexor Endurance (Seconds)	Addicted	16.63	6.71	0.083
Extensor Endurance (Seconds)	Non-Addicted	97.00	3.79	0.010*
Extensor Endurance (Seconds)	Addicted	74.86	2.23	0.010*

FHD Forward head distance, SHA Sagittal head angle, CA Craniovertebral angle, SA Shoulder angle, JPS joint position sense, cm centimeter, mm milimeter
^* p < 0.05 (significant before correcting α-level for multiple comparisons)
^±p < 0.0045 (significant after correcting α-level for multiple comparisons)

ISSN: 1471-2474