Table 1 Categories of interventions for Individual Working Practice and some examples, included references

1. Workplace adjustments: the worker adjusts the working environment. (160 topics)

 Examples:

  • Proper positioning chair- desk-monitor- keyboard-mouse-footstools-printer- scanner- telephone- frequently used objects- bed

  • Adjustment work tool and office equipment

  • Lowering the storage position of heavy equipment

[25]; [26]; [27]; [28]; [29]; [30]; [31]; [32]; [33]; [34]; [35]; [36]; [24]; [37]; [38]; [39]; [40]; [41]; [42]; [43]; [44]; [45]; [46]; [47]; [48]; [49]; [50]; [51]; [52]; [53]; [54]; [55]; [56]; [57]; [58]; [59]; [60]; [61]; [62]; [63]; [64]; [65]; [66]; [67]; [68]; [69]; [70]; [71].

2. Variation: the worker varies in the execution of the work activities. (59 topics)

 Examples:

  • Varying work posture, positioning in work

  • Alternation between hands, pressing finger etc.

  • Taking (micro) rest-breaks, using work-rest schedules

[25]; [72]; [73]; [28]; [29]; [30]; [74] ; [75]; [76]; [36]; [77]; [39]; [41]; [78]; [79]; [80]; [45]; [46, 74]; [50]; [51]; [52]; [53]; [81]; [82]; [83]; [60]; [61]; [63]; [64]; [65]; [66]; [68]; [69]; [84]; [70]; [71].

3. Exercising: the worker executes a form of physical training to prepare for work or to recover from the effects of work. (56 topics).

 Examples:

  • Stretching, strengthening or relaxing exercises

  • Warm-up routines

  • Posture correction exercises

[26]; [27, 85]; [28]; [31]; [34]; [23]; [76]; [24]; [86]; [77]; [38]; [39]; [41]; [87]; [46]; [47]; [52]; [53]; [62]; [64]; [88]; [65]; [66]; [68]; [69]; [70]; [89]; [90].

4. Use of aids: the worker chooses to use assistive tools. (58 topics)

 Examples:

  • Ceiling lift usage

  • Using transfer equipment

  • Using of document holder, headset phone, optical tool

 [91]; [92]; [73]; [31]; [93] ; [32]; [33]; [23]; [94]; [35]; [76]; [86]; [37] ; [38]; [39]; [49]; [51]; [52]; [53]; [81]; [58]; [59]; [60]; [62]; [65]; [66]; [69]; [95]; [96]; [70].

5. Professional skill: the worker applies specific job related know-how and dexterity that facilitates the execution of the work. (53 topics)

 Examples:

  • Specific professional technics for deboning: grip forces, cutting moments, position of the piece of meat etc.

  • Specific professional working technique in nursing (f.i. replace clothing).

  • Specific professional technics by drivers: route selection, driving style, driving speed

 [73]; [97]; [76]; [77]; [42]; [43]; [87]; [98]; [79]; [80]; [46]; [48]; [49]; [51]; [56]; [59]; [82]; [63]; [88]; [66]; [99]; [70]; [100].

6. Professional manners: the worker applies specific job related behaviour that facilitates the execution of the work. (86 topics)

 Examples:

  • Ask help from colleagues

  • Patient assessment before handling

  • Compliance with recommendations (f.i. no lift policy)

 [73]; [29]; [31]; [101]; [23]; [97]; [76]; [86]; [77]; [43]; [79]; [45]; [49]; [51]; [53]; [59]; [102]; [82]; [103]; [62]; [84]; [104] ; [95]; [70];

7. Task content and task organisation: the worker changes the content of a specific part of the work or the way these parts are scheduled to get more variety in the execution of work. (15 topics)

 Examples:

  • Improve work organisation

  • Managing the pace of one’s own work

  • Time-management

 [28]; [74]; [39]; [41]; [42]; [51]; [53]; [57]; [82]; [67]; [68]; [70].

8. Motoric skill: the worker applies specific trained movements to perform the work with less physical strain. (323 topics)

 Examples:

  • More relaxed (neutral) positions in joints

  • Patient-handling techniques

  • Accurate acceleration-velocity-timing in movement

 [25]; [92]; [105]; [73]; [27]; [28]; [106]; [29]; [107] ; [30]; [31] ; [93]; [101]; [108]; [34]; [23]; [94]; [35]; [75]; [76]; [86]; [77]; [109]; [110]; [37]; [111]; [112]; [39]; [113]; [40]; [41]; [42]; [43]; [44]; [87]; [98]; [114]; [79]; [80]; [45]; [115]; [116]; [46]; [47]; [48]; [49]; [117]; [50]; [51]; [52]; [53]; [54]; [55]; [56]; [58]; [118]; [102]; [82]; [103]; [119]; [83]; [60]; [120]; [121]; [62]; [122]; [123]; [64]; [124]; [88]; [65]; [66]; [67]; [68]; [125]; [69]; [104]; [95]; [126]; [96]; [127] ; [70]; [100]; [89]; [128] ; [129]; [130]; [90].; [71].