Table 3 Comparison of clinical outcomes and physiological functional status between the enhanced recovery cohort and a matched historical cohort

LOS (day)

 Total LOS

22.4 ± 7.7

24.1 ± 10.9

0.354

 Preoperative LOS

10.3 ± 5.0

8.9 ± 4.7

0.149

 Postoperative LOS

12.0 ± 4.5

15.1 ± 7.7

0.001^*

Physiological functional status

 Foley discontinuation POD

1.9 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 2.0

0.001^*

 1st ambulation on POD

2.5 ± 1.4

4.4 ± 2.2

0.001^*

 1st bowel movement on POD

1.9 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 1.4

0.005^*

 Drain placement (day)

3.5 ± 1.1

4.4 ± 1.9

0.002^*

Complications, n (%)

12 (22.2%)

18 (33.3%)

0.198

 Myocardial infarction

0 (0%)

1 (1.8%)

0.315

 Acute cerebral infarction

0 (0%)

1 (1.8%)

0.315

 Urinary retention

2 (3.7%)

9 (16.7%)

0.026^*

 SSI

0 (0%)

4 (7.4%)

0.042^*

 Pneumonia

1 (1.8%)

4 (7.4%)

0.169

 Hematoma

2 (3.7%)

1 (1.8%)

0.558

 DVT

0 (0%)

1 (1.8%)

0.315

 Urinary tract infection

1 (1.8%)

2 (3.7%)

0.558

 Ileus

0 (0%)

3 (5.6%)

0.079

 Nausea/vomiting

5 (9.3%)

6 (11.1%)

0.750

 Delirium

1 (1.8%)

2 (3.7%)

0.558

 Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid

0 (0%)

1 (1.8%)

0.315

 Neurological deficit

0 (0%)

2 (3.7%)

0.153

The rate of readmission, n (%)

1 (1.8%)

7 (12.9%)

0.027^*

Discharge disposition, n (%)

0.042^*

 Home

54 (100%)

50 (92.6%)

 Inpatient rehab

0 (0%)

4 (7.4%)

The rate of reoperation, n (%)

2 (3.7%)

2 (3.7%)

1.000