Walking speed is associated with postoperative pain catastrophizing in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective observational study

Table 3 Correlation between pain catastrophizing and walking speed, pain intensity, and clinical outcomes

Time point	Outcome	Preoperative PCS	PCS at 3 months after surgery	PCS at 6 months after surgery	PCS at 12 months after surgery	Change in PCS at 12 months
Preoperative (n = 94)	Walking speed	-0.20*
	NRS for leg pain	0.25*
	NRS for back pain	0.27*
	JOA score	-0.26*
3 months after surgery (n = 83)	Walking speed		-0.31**
	NRS for leg pain		0.43**
	NRS for back pain		0.42**
	JOA score		-0.59**
6 months after surgery (n = 88)	Walking speed			-0.33**
	NRS for leg pain			0.73**
	NRS for back pain			0.64**
	JOA score			-0.63**
12 months after surgery (n = 82)	Walking speed				-0.40**
	NRS for leg pain				0.69**
	NRS for back pain				0.66**
	JOA score				-0.74**
Change in walking speed at 12 months						-0.25*
Change in NRS for leg pain at 12 months						0.40**
Change in NRS for back pain at 12 months						0.53**
Change in JOA score at 12 months						-0.45**

Values indicate R (correlation coefficient)
PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, NRS Numerical rating scale, JOA Japanese Orthopaedic Association
^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2474