Fig. 3

Radiography of the marked capsule attachment of the lateral distal femur. a frontal view, (b) sagittal view, (c) area of capsule attachment around the hinge point of medial closed wedge distal femoral osteotomy (MCWDFO). Line a is parallel to the anterior surface of the femoral shaft. Line b is perpendicular to line a and passes through the most distal part of the lateral distal femoral condyle. Line c is parallel to line a and in contact with the posterior part of the distal femoral shaft. Line d is parallel to line b and passes through the lateral epicondyle. A rectangle centered on the osteotomy line is created by lines a, c, and d. The rectangular area is divided into three regions: front; middle; and rear. The area of capsule attachment in the middle and rear regions is calculated using a digital planning tool