Effusion detected by ultrasonography and overweight may predict the risk of knee osteoarthritis in females with early knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective analysis of Iwaki cohort data

Table 3 Examination of factors related to the progression to knee osteoarthritis

	Univariate crude				Multivariate adjusted (stepwise)
Parameter	β	p	OR	95% CI	β	p	OR	95% CI
Female sex	0.49	<0.001	2.67	1.73–4.12	0.61	<0.001	3.36	2.08–5.42
BMI	0.05	0.098	1.05	0.99–1.13	0.10	0.008	1.11	1.02–1.19
Effusion area	0.01	0.012	1.01	1.00–1.01	0.05	0.009	1.01	1.01–1.02
EKOA	0.52	<0.001	2.86	1.60–5.13	0.07	0.027	2.02	1.08–3.75

Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with the progression to knee OA at 3 year follow-up as the dependent variable and with sex, BMI, prevalence of EKOA, and effusion area at the baseline as the independent variables, adjusted by age and Kellgren-Lawrence grade.
p<0.05 indicates statistical significance. β indicates adjusted correlation coefficient.
BMI Body mass index, EKOA Early knee osteoarthritis, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval

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