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Table 5 Comparisons of each radiologist and the model for sagittal intervertebral rotational motion

From: Sagittal intervertebral rotational motion: a deep learning-based measurement on flexion–neutral–extension cervical lateral radiographs

MAE

Mean of R2 and R3

Mean of R1 and R3

Mean of R1 and R2

F/E

F/N

N/E

F/E

F/N

N/E

F/E

F/N

N/E

C2/3

 Radiologist*

1.92

1.67

1.70

1.95

1.71

1.63

1.78

1.86

1.59

 Model

1.33

1.55

1.26

1.30

1.56

1.33

1.54

1.49

1.37

 P

0.00

0.48

0.01

0.00

0.36

0.06

0.09

0.04

0.18

C3/4

 Radiologist*

1.68

1.64

1.58

1.79

1.65

1.66

1.62

1.69

1.25

 Model

1.34

1.41

1.38

1.37

1.47

1.46

1.44

1.51

1.45

 P

0.08

0.19

0.23

0.01

0.34

0.21

0.24

0.29

0.16

C4/5

 Radiologist*

1.81

1.80

1.51

1.95

1.71

1.59

1.54

1.69

1.42

 Model

1.71

1.68

1.51

1.64

1.77

1.60

1.67

1.89

1.65

 P

0.58

0.54

0.99

0.13

0.77

0.96

0.43

0.32

0.19

C5/6

 Radiologist*

1.58

1.58

1.54

1.73

1.62

1.48

1.66

1.58

1.53

 Model

1.74

1.80

1.44

1.75

1.72

1.54

1.69

1.70

1.57

 P

0.41

0.25

0.60

0.87

0.56

0.75

0.86

0.51

0.80

C6/7

 Radiologist*

1.54

1.62

1.30

1.73

1.62

1.37

1.46

1.70

1.42

 Model

1.42

1.27

1.41

1.40

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.34

1.28

 P

0.51

0.02

0.45

0.04

0.03

0.88

0.72

0.02

0.33

  1. MAE mean absolute error, F/E flexion–extension, F/N Flexion–neutral, N/E Neutral–extension
  2. P < 0.05 indicates significant inter-observer difference
  3. Radiologist* indicates the other radiologist