Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Age (yr), mean (SD)

36.3

(10.5)

36.8

(9.8)

35.7

(11.5)

1.07

(-3.7 to 5.9)

0.657

Sex (female), number (%)

36 (44)

22 (47)

14 (40)

χ2 = 0.378

0.539

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

75.6

(15.6)

77.0

(15.2)

73.8

(16.2)

3.2

(-3.8 to 10.2)

0.372

Height (cm), mean (SD)

171.9

(10.9)

173.3

(10.8)

169.8

(10.9)

3.5

(-1.3 to 8.4)

0.351

BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)

25.5

(4.5)

25.6

(4.2)

25.6

(4.8)

0.007

(-2.0 to 2.0)

0.994

Physical activity (category), number (%)

 Insufficiently active

14 (17)^a

9 (20)

5 (15)

χ2 = 0.623

0.732

 Moderately active

16 (20)

8 (18)

8 (24)

 Active

49 (60)

28 (62)

21 (62)

CES-D 10^b (category), number (%)

 Depressed

16 (20)

14 (32)

2 (6)

(Fisher’s exact)

0.005

 Not depressed

62 (76)

30 (68)

32 (94)

Pain intensity, 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (mm), mean (SD)

 Current

–

30.3 (17.7)

–

–

–

 24 h recall

–

36.3 (17.9)

–

–

–

 4 week recall

–

42.9 (19.0)

–

–

–

Neck Disability Index (0–50), mean (SD)

–

13.3 (4.9)

–

–

–

Duration of neck pain (months), mean (SD)

–

67.7 (59.4)

–

–

–

Duration of neck pain (category), number (%)

 3 to 12 months

–

7 (14.9)

–

–

–

 1 to 5 years

–

17 (36.2)

–

–

–

 5 + years

–

23 (48.9)

–

–

–

Reported radiculopathy, number (%)

–

8 (17.0)

–

–

–

Neck flexion ROM (°), mean (SD)

54.2

(11.2)

48.8

(10.0)

61.6

(8.1)

-12.8

(-17.0 to -8.7)

< 0.001

Neck extension ROM (°), mean (SD)

62.4

(12.5)

60.0

(12.7)

65.8

(11.6)

-5.8

(-11.3 to -0.3)

0.040

Neck right rotation ROM (°), mean (SD)

64.7

(9.9)

61.4

(10.6)

69.3

(6.4)

-7.9

(-11.7 to -4.1)

< 0.001

Neck left rotation ROM (°), mean (SD)

64.4

(9.3)

61.6

(9.7)

68.3

(7.0)

-6.7

(-10.4 to -3.1)

< 0.001