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Table 1 Mechanical parameters of spinal models

From: Impact of cage position on biomechanical performance of stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a finite element analysis

Material

Young’s modulus (MPa)

Poisson’s ratio

Cross-sectional area (mm2)

Cancellous bone

100

0.2

-

Cortical bone

12,000

0.3

-

Posterior bone

3500

0.25

-

Articular cartilages

35

0.4

-

Endplate

25

0.25

-

Annulus fibrosus

4.2

0.45

-

Nucleus pulposus

1

0.499

-

Spinal cage

3600

0.25

-

Capsular ligament

7.5

0.3

-

posterior longitudinal ligament

10 (< 11%) 20 (> 11%)

-

20

Ligament flavum

15 (< 6.2%) 19 (> 6.2%)

-

40

Interspinous ligament

10 (< 14%) 12 (> 14%)

-

40

Superspinous ligament

8 (< 20%) 15 (> 20%)

-

30

Intertansverse ligament

10 (< 18%) 59 (> 18%)

-

1.8

Anterior longitudinal ligament

7.8 (< 12%) 20 (> 12%)

-

63.7