Material | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Cross-sectional area (mm2) |
---|---|---|---|
Cancellous bone | 100 | 0.2 | - |
Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 | - |
Posterior bone | 3500 | 0.25 | - |
Articular cartilages | 35 | 0.4 | - |
Endplate | 25 | 0.25 | - |
Annulus fibrosus | 4.2 | 0.45 | - |
Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.499 | - |
Spinal cage | 3600 | 0.25 | - |
Capsular ligament | 7.5 | 0.3 | - |
posterior longitudinal ligament | 10 (< 11%) 20 (> 11%) | - | 20 |
Ligament flavum | 15 (< 6.2%) 19 (> 6.2%) | - | 40 |
Interspinous ligament | 10 (< 14%) 12 (> 14%) | - | 40 |
Superspinous ligament | 8 (< 20%) 15 (> 20%) | - | 30 |
Intertansverse ligament | 10 (< 18%) 59 (> 18%) | - | 1.8 |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | 7.8 (< 12%) 20 (> 12%) | - | 63.7 |