Table 3 Overview of clamps as a comprehensive catalogue
From: Categorize the existing clamps used for tensile test of human graft– a systematic review
Name of clamp | References | Type of clamp | Type of endurance test | Pre- loading type | Type of tendon | Measured and calculated parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metal U-shaped frames | 47, 50 | room temperature | static | dynamic | sheep patellar tendon | failure stress, failure strain, normalized stiffness, energy to failure |
Custom designed clamps | 67 | room temperature | static | static | canine patella-ligament-tibia | failure load, stiffness |
Factory clamps | 36 | room temperature | dynamic | dynamic | human patellar tendon | ultimate elongation, ultimate stress, ultimate stiffness |
Wedge shaped factory-clamps | 42 | room temperature | dynamic | static | achilles | maximum stress, maximum strain, modulus |
Wedge-grip clamps | 34, 38 | room temperature | dynamic | dynamic | human patellar tendon | failure load, stiffness |
Aluminum grips with polymer liners | 40, 59, 60 | room temperature | dynamic | dynamic | human patellar tendon | failure load, stiffness, strain |
Testing configuration for single-strand and double-strand | 32, 69 | cooled temperature | static and dynamic | dynamic | tibialis anterior and posterior | linear stiffness, ultimate tensile force, tensile modulus, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain |
Custom designed clamps with dry ice chamber | 28 | cooled temperature | dynamic | dynamic | anterior and posterior tibialis | failure load, failure stress, stiffness |
Factory clamps with dry ice chamber | 56 | cooled temperature | dynamic | dynamic | achilles, quadriceps, semitendinosus + gracilis, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus | Young’s modulus of elasticity, maximum load, strain at tensile strength, strain at break |
Clamp with thermocouple | 37 | heated temperature | dynamic | dynamic | bilateral patellar tendon | tensile strength, tensile modulus |
Custom clamp in testing chamber | 57 | heated temperature | static and dynamic | static and dynamic | human patellar tendon | stiffness, maximum load |
Custom clamp in biochamber | 70 | heated temperature | dynamic | dynamic | soleus tendon | ultimate tensile stress, elastic modulus, toughness |