Table 1 Questionnaires and physical measures performed at baseline and at 12 months post intervention
Questionnaires | Unit/Range | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dizziness and unsteadiness | Do you have dizziness | YES /NO | N/A | |
Dizziness intensity at rest Dizziness intensity during activity Unsteadiness intensity | VAS VAS VAS | 0-100 mm | [14] | |
University of California Los Angeles Dizziness Questionnaire (UCLA) | 5 item questionnaire severity, frequency and fear of dizziness and its effect on quality of life and activities of daily living | 5–25 | [16] | |
Pain and disability | Neck pain intensity now Neck pain intensity worst | VAS VAS | 0-100 mm | [14] |
Neck Disability Index (NDI) | 10 item neck specific function | 0–100% | [15] | |
Pain Disability Index | Specific and general disability related to chronic pain | 0–70 | [17] | |
Psychological and quality of life | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). | Score above 30 thought to be indicative of catastrophic thinking | 0–52 | [18] |
The Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). | Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy | 0–200 | [19] | |
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). | Higher scores indicate higher fear of movement | 11–44 | [19] | |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression anxiety subscale (HAD-A) Hospital Anxiety and Depression depression subscales (HAD-D) | Scores > 10 suggested to indicate probable anxiety Scores > 10 suggested to indicate probable depression | 0–21 0–21 | [20] | |
Health related quality of life with EuroQuol (EQ-5D-3L). | An index of 1 indicating highest quality of life | −.594–1.00 | [21] | |
Physical measures | ||||
Sensorimotor | Head relocation accuracy (HRA) | Ability to reproduce the neutral head position with the eyes closed was measured using the CROM. Average HRA both directions. | Degrees | [22] |
Static clinical balance test | The time (up to 30 seconds) able to maintain sharpened Romberg’s with eyes closed, non-dominant foot in front | Seconds | [23] | |
Dynamic clinical balance test: | Walking in a figure 8-incorrect steps | Number | [24] | |
Range of motion | Cervical Range of motion (ROM) | Active ROM in all 3 planes measured using the CROM | Degrees | [25] |
Muscle endurance | Cervical extensors Cervical flexors | Holding time in prone position Holding time in supine position | Seconds Seconds | [26] |