Table 1 Patient characteristics, stratified by sex

Age, years

60.8 ± 7.3

59.8 ± 7.4

62.2 ± 6.9

Diabetic duration, years

9.2 ± 7.1

8.5 ± 6.9

10.2 ± 7.3

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

142.7 ± 25.1

141.9 ± 24.3

143.9 ± 26.4

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

85.2 ± 41.7

87.4 ± 53.3

81.9 ± 7.6

Smoking (current or ever)

24.4%

39.7%

1.2%

Alcohol consumption (current or ever)

21.5%

33.7%

3.0%

BMI, Kg/m2

24.5 ± 3.2

24.8 ± 2.9

24.0 ± 3.6

Laboratory findings

 FBG, mmol/L

6.6 ± 1.9

6.5 ± 1.9

6.8 ± 1.9

 HbA1c, mmol/L

9.1 ± 2.0

8.9 ± 2.0

9.4 ± 2.1

 TC, mmol/L

4.55 ± 1.25

4.48 ± 1.22

4.78 ± 1.25

 TG, mmol/L

1.89 ± 1.46

1.94 ± 1.46

1.82 ± 1.48

 HDL-c, mmol/L

1.06 ± 0.29

0.98 ± 0.26

1.16 ± 0.30

 LDL-c, mmol/L

2.76 ± 1.02

2.66 ± 1.00

2.91 ± 1.03

 Albumin, g/L

40.0 ± 3.4

40.3 ± 3.4

39.6 ± 3.5

 Creatinine, µmol/L

62.7 ± 31.2

69.5 ± 30.8

52.3 ± 28.9

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

 Cystatin C, mg/L

0.99 ± 0.34

1.02 ± 0.33

0.95 ± 0.34

 CCR

7.6 ± 1.6

8.2 ± 1.6

6.7 ± 1.3

 Serum uric, µmmol/L

328.3 ± 92.7

349.3 ± 87.0

298.7 ± 92.7

 PTH, pg/ml

38.6 ± 15.9

40.1 ± 16.6

36.4 ± 14.7

 PINP, ng/ml

40.8 ± 19.5

37.8 ± 17.7

45.4 ± 21.1

 β-CTX, ng/ml

0.46 ± 0.24

0.43 ± 0.22

0.50 ± 0.27

 25(OH)D, ng/ml

22.55 ± 8.01

23.43 ± 8.34

21.20 ± 7.30

 Calcium, mmol/L

2.24 ± 0.11

2.24 ± 0.11

2.25 ± 0.11

 ASM/height², g/cm²

6.68 ± 1.26

7.18 ± 1.13

5.91 ± 1.05

BMD

 Total lumbar, g/cm²

1.122 ± 0.206

1.194 ± 0.184

1.012 ± 0.187

 Femur neck, g/cm²

0.896 ± 0.149

0.941 ± 0.142

0.826 ± 0.131

 Total hip, g/cm²

0.966 ± 0.151

1.007 ± 0.141

0.903 ± 0.144

 Osteoporosis

20.6%

11.1%

34.9%