Table 2 Signalling questions for QUADAS-2 quality assessment
From: Evaluating the diagnostic pathway for acute ACL injuries in trauma centres: a systematic review
Signaling questions for QUADAS-2 quality assessment | |
|---|---|
Domain 1: patient selection | |
A: risk or bias | Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? |
Did the study have appropriate exclusions? | |
Was the study retrospective? | |
Was a sufficient sample size used? | |
Could the selection or patient have introduced bias? | |
B: concerns regarding applicability | Are there concerns that the included patients do not match the review question? |
Domain 2: index test(s) | |
A: risk or bias | Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? |
Were all the index tests specified and clearly explained? | |
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | |
B: concerns regarding applicability | Is there concern that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? |
Domain 3: reference standard | |
A: risk or bias | Is the reference standard the ‘gold standard’ for ACL diagnosis? |
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test? | |
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation, have introduced bias? | |
B: concerns regarding applicability | Is there concern that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the review question? |
Domain 4: flow and timing | |
A: risk of bias | Was there an appropriate interval between the index test and the reference standard? |
Was the time frame defined where the initial consultation (index test) and/or reference standard was completed? /Unclear | |
Did all patients receive a reference standard? | |
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | |
Were all patients included in the analysis? | |
Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | |