Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors of the bone mass density
From: Association between total bilirubin and bone mineral density level in adolescents
| Â | Statistics | Total femur BMD | Femur neck BMD | Femur neck BMD | Intertrochanter BMD | Lumbar spine BMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β (95% CI) P value | β (95% CI) P value | β (95% CI) P value | β (95% CI) P value | β (95% CI) P value | ||
Age (year) | ||||||
 < 15 | 1416 (37.85) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 15- < 20 | 2325 (62.15) | 0.125 (0.115, 0.135) < 0.001 | 0.108 (0.098, 0.117) < 0.001 | 0.078 (0.069, 0.086) < 0.001 | 0.160 (0.149, 0.171) < 0.001 | 0.164 (0.155, 0.173) < 0.001 |
Sex (%) | ||||||
 Male | 1997 (53.38) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Female | 1744 (46.62) | -0.071 (-0.081, -0.061) < 0.001 | -0.055 (-0.064, -0.045) < 0.001 | -0.070 (-0.079, -0.062) < 0.001 | -0.071 (-0.083, -0.059) < 0.001 | 0.052 (0.042, 0.062) < 0.001 |
Race (%) | ||||||
 Non-Hispanic white | 1094 (29.24) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Black | 1031 (27.56) | 0.070 (0.056, 0.083) < 0.001 | 0.067 (0.054, 0.080) < 0.001 | 0.048 (0.037, 0.060) < 0.001 | 0.083 (0.067, 0.099) < 0.001 | 0.050 (0.037, 0.064) < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 1106 (29.56) | -0.013 (-0.027, -0.000) 0.047 | -0.007 (-0.020, 0.005) 0.246 | -0.024 (-0.035, -0.012) < 0.001 | -0.012 (-0.028, 0.003) 0.115 | -0.024 (-0.037, -0.011) < 0.001 |
 Other Hispanic | 313 (8.37) | -0.001 (-0.021, 0.019) 0.944 | 0.001 (-0.018, 0.020) 0.886 | -0.006 (-0.023, 0.011) 0.496 | 0.004 (-0.019, 0.027) 0.744 | -0.010 (-0.030, 0.010) 0.319 |
 Other race/ethnicity | 197 (5.27) | -0.016 (-0.040, 0.008) 0.192 | -0.019 (-0.042, 0.004) 0.106 | -0.015 (-0.036, 0.005) 0.148 | -0.016 (-0.044, 0.012) 0.264 | -0.010 (-0.034, 0.014) 0.402 |
Education, n (%) | ||||||
 Less high school | 3190 (85.29) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 High school | 307 (8.21) | 0.081 (0.062, 0.099) < 0.001 | 0.069 (0.051, 0.087) < 0.001 | 0.045 (0.029, 0.061) < 0.001 | 0.105 (0.084, 0.127) < 0.001 | 0.113 (0.095, 0.132) < 0.001 |
 More than high school | 243 (6.50) | 0.084 (0.064, 0.105) < 0.001 | 0.067 (0.047, 0.087) < 0.001 | 0.050 (0.032, 0.067) < 0.001 | 0.112 (0.088, 0.136) < 0.001 | 0.107 (0.087, 0.127) < 0.001 |
Income (%) | ||||||
 Less than $ 25,000 | 855 (23.54) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 $ 25,000–74,999 | 1402 (38.60) | -0.014 (-0.028, -0.001) 0.039 | -0.008 (-0.022, 0.005) 0.204 | -0.008 (-0.020, 0.003) 0.158 | -0.022 (-0.038, -0.006) 0.008 | -0.015 (-0.028, -0.001) 0.033 |
 More than $ 75,000 | 1375 (37.86) | -0.010 (-0.024, 0.004) 0.153 | -0.012 (-0.025, 0.001) 0.067 | 0.001 (-0.011, 0.013) 0.851 | -0.016 (-0.032, 0.000) 0.054 | -0.013 (-0.027, 0.000) 0.053 |
Body mass index (%) | ||||||
 Under weight | 1970 (52.77) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Normal weight | 493 (13.21) | -0.151 (-0.165, -0.136) < 0.001 | -0.139 (-0.153, -0.126) < 0.001 | -0.109 (-0.122, -0.097) < 0.001 | -0.181 (-0.198, -0.165) < 0.001 | -0.158 (-0.172, -0.144) < 0.001 |
 Overweight | 709 (18.99) | 0.059 (0.047, 0.071) < 0.001 | 0.063 (0.052, 0.075) < 0.001 | 0.039 (0.028, 0.049) < 0.001 | 0.069 (0.055, 0.084) < 0.001 | 0.051 (0.039, 0.063) < 0.001 |
 Obese | 561 (15.03) | 0.116 (0.103, 0.130) < 0.001 | 0.129 (0.116, 0.141) < 0.001 | 0.082 (0.070, 0.094) < 0.001 | 0.128 (0.113, 0.144) < 0.001 | 0.103 (0.090, 0.116) < 0.001 |
Calcium intake (mg) | ||||||
 Q1 | 1169 (31.81) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Q2 | 1120 (30.48) | -0.000 (-0.013, 0.013) 0.979 | -0.003 (-0.015, 0.010) 0.664 | 0.003 (-0.008, 0.014) 0.624 | -0.004 (-0.020, 0.011) 0.592 | -0.018 (-0.031, -0.005) 0.007 |
 Q3 | 1386 (37.71) | 0.023 (0.011, 0.036) < 0.001 | 0.013 (0.001, 0.025) 0.033 | 0.028 (0.017, 0.038) < 0.001 | 0.022 (0.007, 0.036) 0.003 | -0.011 (-0.023, 0.002) 0.086 |
Diabetes (%) | ||||||
 No | 3701 (99.41) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Yes | 22 (0.59) | 0.015 (-0.053, 0.083) 0.669 | 0.011 (-0.054, 0.075) 0.746 | 0.002 (-0.056, 0.060) 0.942 | 0.023 (-0.056, 0.102) 0.562 | 0.024 (-0.045, 0.093) 0.490 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL) | ||||||
 Q1 | 454 (12.14) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
 Q2 | 1236 (33.04) | 0.012 (-0.005, 0.029) 0.177 | 0.010 (-0.006, 0.027) 0.225 | 0.009 (-0.005, 0.024) 0.220 | 0.015 (-0.005, 0.035) 0.137 | -0.003 (-0.020, 0.015) 0.772 |
 Q3 | 1015 (27.13) | 0.029 (0.011, 0.047) 0.001 | 0.019 (0.002, 0.036) 0.032 | 0.028 (0.013, 0.043) < 0.001 | 0.032 (0.012, 0.053) 0.002 | 0.000 (-0.017, 0.018) 0.979 |
 Q4 | 1036 (27.69) | 0.056 (0.038, 0.074) < 0.001 | 0.038 (0.021, 0.055) < 0.001 | 0.053 (0.038, 0.068) < 0.001 | 0.063 (0.043, 0.084) < 0.001 | 0.015 (-0.002, 0.033) 0.092 |