Fig. 3

Results of average waveforms with standard deviation for the healthy young and elderly adults, including kinematics and kinetics of interested joints. The horizontal axis is normalized to one gait cycle in percentage from 0 to 100. The black dashed line in each subplot denotes the average waveform of the healthy elderly group and the black solid line denotes the young group. The standard deviation of the healthy elderly group is blue area and that of the young group is in yellow. The overlapped area is in green. Subplots with red dashed contours are determined as the non-age-related group by final k means clustering, which contains ankle moment, knee angle, hip flexion angle and hip adduction moment