Fig. 1

A Preoperative standing anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of a 14-year-old female patient with Lenke 5C AIS showed a structural thoracolumbar curve from T11 to L4. The preoperative Cobb angle was 45.4°, L3 tilt was 19.2°, and L3 disc angle was 2.5°. B One-week postoperative standing AP radiograph showed the patient underwent posterior fusion from T11 to L3. The Cobb angle was 27.1°, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt was 4.3°, and LIV disc angle was 3.9°. C 3-month postoperative standing AP radiograph. The Cobb angle was 29.2°, LIV tilt was 4.8°, and LIV disc angle was 9.4°. D 24-month postoperative standing AP radiograph with brace treatment for 12 months since 3-month after the surgery. The Cobb angle was 30.2°, LIV tilt was 4.7°, and LIV disc angle was 6.0°