Table 2 The morphostructural changes of each entheses according to Madrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI) Scoring System in HD patients (n = 41) and healthy subjects (n = 23)

Inferior pole of the calcaneus: plantar aponeurosis enthesis

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

4.3 (1.35)

3.15 (1.6)

0.000*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

46 (56.1)

14 (30.4)

0.005*

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

36 (43.9)

7 (15.2)

0.001*

 Bone erosions,n (%)

5 (6.1)

1 (2.2)

0.418

 Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

2 (2.4)

0

0.104

 Moderate

14 (17.1)

3 (6.5)

 Severe

3 (3.7)

5 (10.9)

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

0

0

–

Superior pole of the calcaneus: Achilles tendon enthesis

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

5.2 (1.53)

4.1 (1.3)

0.000*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

16 (19.5)

4 (8.7)

0.132

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

40 (48.8)

6 (13)

0.000

 Retrocalcaneal bursitis

10 (12.2)

3 (6.5)

0.375

 Bone erosions,n (%)

10 (12.2)

0

0..014*

 Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

6 (7.3)

1 (2.2)

0.208

 Moderate

8 (9.8)

2 (4.3)

 Severe

0

1 (2.2)

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

0

0

–

Tibial tuberosity: distal patellar ligament enthesis

 Patellar ligament structure,n (%)

55 (67.1)

13 (28.3)

0.000*

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

4.45 (1.6)

3.4 (0.85)

0.000*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

27 (32.9)

2 (4.3)

0.000*

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

50 (61)

10 (21.7)

0.000*

 Infrapatellar bursitis,n (%)

4 (4.9)

2 (4.3)

1

 Bone erosions,n (%)

7 (8.5)

1 (2.2)

0.257

Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

4 (4.9)

0

0.401

 Moderate

2 (2.4)

1 (2.2)

 Severe

1 (1.2)

0

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

0

0

–

Inferior pole of the patella: proximal patellar ligament enthesis

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

4.55 (1.23)

3.5 (1.33)

0.000*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

18 (22)

4 (8.7)

0.086

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

55 (67.1)

13 (28.3)

0.000*

 Bone erosions,n (%)

4 (4.9)

1 (2.2)

0.654

Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

1 (1.2)

1 (2.2)

0.693

 Moderate

1 (1.2)

0

 Severe

0

0

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

0

0

–

Superior pole of the patella: quadriceps tendon enthesis

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

6.4 (1.7)

6 (1.53)

0.002*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

36 (43.9)

9 (19.6)

0.006*

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

56 (86.3)

19 (41.3)

0.003*

 Bone erosions,n (%)

28 (34.1)

4 (8.7)

0.001*

Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

7 (8.5)

2 (4.3)

0.218

 Moderate

11 (13.4)

2 (4.3)

 Severe

1 (1.2)

0

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

3 (3.7)

0

0.552

Olecranon tuberosity: triceps tendon enthesis

 Thickness,mm, median (IQR)

4.05 (2.43)

2.7 (1.03)

0.000*

 Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)

15 (18.3)

1 (2.2)

0.010*

 Enthesis thickening,n (%)

35 (42.7)

0

0.000*

 Bone erosions,n (%)

12 (14.6)

1 (2.2)

0.031*

Calcification,n (%)

 Mild

6 (7.3)

0

0.091

 Moderate

2 (2.4)

0

Power Doppler signal,n (%)

1 (1.2)

0

1