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Table 4 Pooled risk of baseline laboratory data and surgical characteristics of pneumonia following hip fracture surgery

From: Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

No. of studies

OR or SMDa

LL 95% CI

UL 95% CI

p value

Heterogeneity (%)

Analysis model

Hemoglobin

5

−0.14a

−0.25

−0.03

0.01

46

Fixed

Albumin

4

−0.97a

−1.54

−0.41

< 0.01

95

Random

Blood urea nitrogen

3

0.20a

0.03

0.37

0.02

35

Fixed

Creatinine

5

0.22a

−0.01

0.46

0.06

76

Random

Aspartate aminotransferase

3

0.00a

−0.17

0.17

0.99

27

Fixed

Alanine aminotransferase

3

0.27a

0.10

0.44

< 0.01

0

Fixed

Total bilirubin

2

−0.05a

−0.24

0.14

0.62

0

Fixed

Arterial O2 pressure

2

−0.49a

−0.71

− 0.27

< 0.01

0

Fixed

Arterial CO2 pressure

2

0.04a

−0.18

0.26

0.70

9

Fixed

Intertrochanteric fracture

3

0.90

0.64

1.27

0.55

0

Fixed

Arthroplasty

7

1.24

0.78

1.97

0.35

64

Random

Delayed surgery of over 48 h

3

3.74

2.40

5.85

< 0.01

0

Fixed

Time from injury to surgery

4

0.39a

−0.02

0.79

0.06

94

Random

General anesthesia

5

0.99

0.76

1.30

0.95

44

Fixed

Surgical duration

5

−0.01a

−0.11

0.10

0.91

0

Fixed

Intraoperative blood loss volume

3

−0.01a

− 0.17

0.15

0.90

0

Fixed

Perioperative transfusion rate

2

0.98

0.68

1.40

0.91

0

Fixed

  1. OR Odds ratio, SMD Standardized mean difference, LL Lower limit, CI Confidence interval, UL Upper limit
  2. aResults of pooled standardized mean difference