Table 1 Baseline cohort characteristics before and after propensity score matching

N

12,353

1,145,802

12,353

12,353

Age

50.4 ± 14.0

49.7 ± 13.1

 < 0.001

50.4 ± 14.0

49.9 ± 14.0

Sex

Female

6,922 (56%)

637,871 (56%)

0.417

6,922 (56%)

6,857 (56%)

Male

4,755 (38%)

474,502 (41%)

 < 0.001

4,755 (38%)

4,783 (39%)

Unknown Sex

676 (5%)

33,429 (3%)

 < 0.001

676 (5%)

713 (6%)

Race

Black

491 (4%)

180,872 (16%)

 < 0.001

491 (4%)

484 (4%)

White

8,890 (72%)

699,608 (61%)

 < 0.001

8,890 (72%)

8,841 (72%)

Asian

93 (1%)

19,375 (2%)

 < 0.001

93 (1%)

92 (1%)

Unknown Race

2,846 (23%)

240,834 (21%)

 < 0.001

2,846 (23%)

2,889 (23%)

Ethnicity

Hispanic/Latino

265 (2%)

84,587 (7%)

 < 0.001

265 (2%)

270 (2%)

Not Hispanic/Latino

10,340 (84%)

766,429 (67%)

 < 0.001

10,340 (84%)

10,333 (84%)

American Indian or Alaska Native

31 (< 1%)

3,929 (< 1%)

0.082

31 (< 1%)

45 (< 1%)

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

10 (< 1%)

1,184 (< 1%)

0.441

10 (< 1%)

10 (< 1%)

Unknown Ethnicity

1,748 (14%)

294,786 (26%)

 < 0.001

1,748 (14%)

1,750 (14%)

Conditions (ICD-10)

Mental, Behavioral, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01-F99)

4,118 (33%)

309,875 (27%)

 < 0.001

4,118 (33%)

4,168 (34%)

Opioid Related Disorders (F11)

91 (1%)

11,833 (1%)

0.001

91 (1%)

91 (1%)

Claustrophobia (F40.240)

26 (< 1%)

1,500 (< 1%)

0.015

26 (< 1%)

24 (< 1%)

Radiographic Dye Allergy Status (Z91.041)

13 (< 1%)

1,610 (< 1%)

0.297

13 (< 1%)

25 (< 1%)

Presence of Cardiac Pacemaker (Z95.0)

11 (< 1%)

2,786 (< 1%)

0.001

11 (< 1%)

12 (< 1%)

Presence of Neurostimulator (Z96.82)

10 (< 1%)

114 (< 1%)

 < 0.001

10 (< 1%)

10 (< 1%)

Medications (VANDF)

Adrenal Corticosteroids (HS050)

4,441 (36%)

354,270 (31%)

 < 0.001

4,441 (36%)

4,419 (36%)

Opioid Analgesics (CN101)

3,858 (31%)

351,548 (31%)

0.187

3,858 (31%)

3,872 (31%)