Table 3 Satisfied and unsatisfied groups evaluated for pain, disability and quality of life

Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)

42.0 [32.0–54.0]

12.0 [4.0–26.0]

38.0 [24.0–52.0]

 < 0.01^ab 0.06.^c

42.2 (16.4)

17.5 (17.4)

38.3 (19.8)

Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)

NPRS low back

7.0 [5.2–8.0]

2.0 [0.0–5.0]

7.0 [0.0–8.0]

 < 0.01^ab 0.13.^c

6.6 (2.6)

2.8 (2.8)

6.1 (2.8)

NPRS leg

7.0 [5.0–8.0]

0.0 [0.0–4.0]

4.0 [0.0–7.0]

 < 0.01.^abc

6.2 (2.9)

1.9 (2.8)

4.1 (3.7)

EQ5D-3L

0.73 [0.59–0.73]

0.79 [0.69–1.0]

0.66 [0.52–0.78]

 < 0.01^ab 0.17.^c

0.65 (0.10)

0.81 (0.18)

0.63 (0.18)

Prescription opioids

n (%)

  Regularly

162 (40.0)

48 (14.6)

30 (38.5)

 < 0.01^ab 0.80.^c

Over-the-counter analgesics

  Regularly

49 (12.1)

9 (2.7)

6 (7.7)

0.03^a < 0.01^b 0.26.^c

Unable to work due to pain

92 (22.7)

56 (17.1)

23 (29.5)

0.01^a0.06^b 0.20.^c

Return to work (< 3 months)

156 (87.1)

23 (12.8)

 < 0.01^a