Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients
n (%) or median [IQR] responders n = 406 | n (%) or median [IQR] non-responders n = 80 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
Male | 207 (50.9) | 36 (45.0) | 0.34 |
Age (y) | 49.2 [40.1–60.4] | 49.2 [37.2–59.9] | 0.22 |
Caucasian | 382 (94.0) | 76 (95.0) | 0.73 |
Tertiary education | 228 (56.1) | 44 (55.0) | 0.86 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 27.4 [24.9–30.4] | 27.5 [25.1–30.5] | 0.70 |
Smoke | 32 (7.9) | 9 (11.2) | 0.33 |
COMORBIDITY | |||
Hypertension | 112 (27.5) | 19 (24.0) | 0.52 |
Depression | 44 (10.8) | 1 (1.3) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes | 25 (6.1) | 7 (8.8) | 0.37 |
Heart disease (heart failure, heart attack, angina, atrial fibrillation) | 25 (6.1) | 4 (5.0) | 0.70 |
Pulmonary disease (emphysema, COPD, asthma) | 24 (5.9) | 4 (5.0) | 0.75 |
Arthritis | 23 (5.6) | 1 (1.3) | 0.10 |
Leg pain (poor circulation) | 20 (4.9) | 2 (2.5) | 0.34 |
Cancer (last 5 y) | 11 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Liver disease | 10 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | - |
CLINICAL INFORMATION | |||
Mild systemic disease (ASA II) | 271 (67.4) | 50 (62.5) | 0.40 |
History of spine surgery | 99 (24.4) | 24 (30.0) | 0.29 |
Surgery classification | |||
Decompression and arthrodesis | 148 (36.6) | 28 (35.0) | 0.79 |
Automated percutaneous | 126 (26.9) | 20 (25.0) | 0.73 |
Decompression | 109 (31.1) | 9 (11.3) | < 0.01 |
Procedure level | |||
1 or 2 levels | 314 (78.9) | 65 (83.3) | 0.37 |
≥ 3 levels | 84 (21.1) | 13 (16.7) | 0.37 |
Length of stay | |||
2.0 [1.0–4.0] | 1.0 [1.0–3.0] | 0.38 | |