Table 1 Sample sociodemographic and clinical data at baseline (N = 99)

Age (years)

-

70.1 (6.1) [60–87]

Gender

Men

28.3 (28)

Women

71.7 (71)

Race/Ethnicity

White

86.9 (86)

Non-white

13.1 (13)

Education

Less than high school, completed high school, or some college education

21.2 (21)

Completed college or graduate school

78.8 (78)

Clinical data

  Height (cm)

-

164.7 (8.5) [145–184]

  Weight (kg)

-

68.7 (13.1) [44–114]

  Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

-

25.2 (4.0) [17.8–39.7]

  Number of medication/supplement

-

5.3 (3.5) [0–15]

  Number of prescription medications

-

2.4 (2.2) [0.0 – 11.0]

  Taking blood pressure medication

Yes

34.3 (34)

  Taking hyperlipidemia medication

Yes

32.3 (32)

  Taking hypothyroidism medication

Yes

15.2 (15)

  Taking diabetes medication

Yes

4.0 (4)

  Taking anxiety/depression medication

Yes

10.1 (10)

  Taking arthritis medication

Yes

6.1 (6)

  Taking medication(s) for osteoporosis Alendronate. Other antiresorptive medication, parathyroid hormone, or other born-building medications

Yes

16.2 (16)

  6-minute walk test (m)^a

-

504.8 (84.2) [293.7–804.0]

  Cobb’s angle (°)^b

-

57.4 (12.5) [29.1 – 89.2]

  Kyphosis

-

54.1 (8.6) [35–73]

  Vertebral fractures (Y)^c

Yes (2 or more)

16 (16.2)

  Average baseline steps (per day)^d

-

5691.3 (3186.4) [943–17558]

  Book lift task (seconds)

Yes / seconds

98.0 (97) / 2.7 (0.7) [1.2–5.6]

No

2.0 (2)

  Jacket task (seconds)

Yes / seconds

100 (99) / 8.7 (2.6) [3.7–17.0]

No

0 (0)

  Pick up penny task (seconds)

Yes / seconds

100 (99) / 1.5 (0.4) [0.7–3.1]

No

0 (0)