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Table 3 Group mean scores (± SD) for per protocol assessments at baseline (mean T1, T2), T3 and T4 for the leg undergoing surgery in the APNEC (n = 9, for all time points of assessment [5 males; 4 females]) and Control (n = 12, for all time points of assessment [7 males; 5 females]) groups. Calculated effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and percentage changes are relative to baseline performance

From: Exploratory insights into novel prehabilitative neuromuscular exercise-conditioning in total knee arthroplasty

 

Baseline

T3

T4

ES

ES

Outcome

   

Baseline – T3

Baseline – T4

EMDRF (ms)

 APNEC

45.3 ± 7.2

33.5 ± 6.0

38.4 ± 7.1

1.78

0.96

 Control

45.0 ± 7.7

43.6 ± 7.5

45.3 ± 7.1

0.20

0.02

EMDVL (ms)

 APNEC

46.3 ± 8.1

33.9 ± 6.4

38.9 ± 8.3

1.70

0.91

 Control

46.8 ± 8.1

45.3 ± 7.6

46.8 ± 7.4

0.20

0.01

RFD (N·s−1)

 APNEC

578.2 ± 127.2

658.7 ± 143.5

637.2 ± 145.7

0.59

0.43

 Control

605.0 ± 114.8

587.2 ± 128.5

610.5 ± 134.0

0.10

0.01

PF (N)

 APNEC

182.4 ± 55.1

211.9 ± 62.8

207.1 ± 66.3

0.50

0.40

 Control

171.8 ± 42.8

171.7 ± 44.9

172.8 ± 43.7

0.01

0.00

  1. Key: EMD electromechanical delay (ms), RF rectus femoris muscle, VL vastus lateralis muscle, RFD rate of force development (N·s.−1), PF peak force (N)