Fig. 5

Effect of GLP-1 on the AGEs-mediated ROS and Rage expression. A, B Intracellular ROS generation was measured with the probe DCFH-DA, and visualized using a fluorescent microscope; C Immunofluorescence was used to detect Rage antibody (red fluorescence) coupled to secondary antibodies. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue fluorescence); D Rage Protein and mRNA relative levels in osteoblasts were detected by western blot analysis and PCR. Values are means ± SD from three independent experiments. The Newman-Keuls Multiple Comprison Test was used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. AGEs group