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Table 2 Primary results

From: Adductor canal block combined with local infiltration analgesia with morphine and betamethasone show superior analgesic effect than local infiltration analgesia alone for total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial

 

Group A (n = 30)

Group B (n = 30)

t / χ2

P

Pain

VAS Rest

 PO 6 h

2.5 ± 0.5 (2.32 to 2.67)

2.0 ± 0.4 (1.85 to 2.14)

4.277

0.0001* a

 PO 12 h

2.3 ± 0.4 (2.15 to 2.44)

1.8 ± 0.3 (1.69 to 1.90)

5.477

< 0.0001* a

 PO 24 h

2.1 ± 0.4 (1.95 to 2.24)

1.6 ± 0.4 (1.45 to 1.74)

4.841

< 0.0001* a

 PO 36 h

2.0 ± 0.3 (1.89 to 2.10)

1.5 ± 0.3 (1.39 to 1.60)

6.454

< 0.0001* a

 PO 48 h

1.8 ± 0.4 (1.65 to 1.94)

1.3 ± 0.4 (1.15 to 1.44)

4.841

< 0.0001* a

 PO 72 h

1.4 ± 0.3 (1.29 to 1.50)

1.2 ± 0.3 (1.09 to 1.30)

2.582

0.0124* a

 PO 7d

1.1 ± 0.3 (0.99 to 1.20)

1.0 ± 0.2 (0.92 to 1.07)

1.518

0.1342 a

 PO 14d

0.8 ± 0.3 (0.69 to 0.90)

0.7 ± 0.3 (0.59 to 0.80)

1.291

0.2018 a

 PO 2 m

0.4 ± 0.3 (0.29 to 0.50)

0.4 ± 0.5 (0.22 to 0.57)

–

1.0000 a

 PO 6 m

0.3 ± 0.4 (0.15 to 0.44)

0.3 ± 0.4 (0.15 to 0.44)

–

1.0000 a

 PO 1y

0.3 ± 0.5 (0.12 to 0.47)

0.3 ± 0.4 (0.15 to 0.44)

–

1.0000 a

 PO 2y

0.3 ± 0.5 (0.12 to 0.47)

0.3 ± 0.4 (0.15 to 0.44)

–

1.0000 a

VAS Activity

 PO 6 h

3.8 ± 0.4 (3.65 to 3.94)

3.2 ± 0.4 (3.05 to 3.34)

5.801

< 0.0001* a

 PO 12 h

3.6 ± 0.6 (3.38 to 3.81)

3.0 ± 0.5 (2.82 to 3.17)

4.207

0.0001* a

 PO 24 h

3.5 ± 0.5 (3.32 to 3.67)

3.5 ± 0.5 (3.32 to 3.67)

5.988

< 0.0001* a

 PO 36 h

3.2 ± 0.4 (3.05 to 3.34)

2.5 ± 0.5 (2.32 to 2.67)

5.988

< 0.0001* a

 PO 48 h

2.8 ± 0.3 (2.69 to 2.90)

2.3 ± 0.5 (2.12 to 2.47)

4.696

< 0.0001* a

 PO 72 h

2.1 ± 0.5 (1392 to 2.27)

1.8 ± 0.4 (1.65 to 1.94)

2.566

0.129* a

 PO 7d

1.5 ± 0.3 (1.39 to 1.60)

1.4 ± 0.4 (1.25 to 1.54)

1.095

0.2778 a

 PO 14d

1.1 ± 0.3 (0.99 to 1.20)

1.0 ± 0.4 (0.85 to 1.14)

1.095

0.2778 a

 PO 2 m

0.8 ± 0.3 (0.69 to 0.90)

0.7 ± 0.3 (0.59 to 0.80)

1.291

0.2018 a

 PO 6 m

0.6 ± 0.4 (0.45 to 0.74)

0.6 ± 0.5 (0.42 to 0.77)

–

1.0000 a

 PO 1y

0.5 ± 0.4 (0.35 to 0.0.64)

0.5 ± 0.4 (0.35 to 0.64)

–

1.0000 a

 PO 2y

0.4 ± 0.4 (0.25 to 0.54)

0.4 ± 0.5 (0.22 to 0.57)

–

1.0000 a

Location of Pain PO 48 h

 Anterior knee

21(70%)

12(40%)

5.454

0.0195* b

 Posterior pain

12(40%)

7(23.3%)

1.925

0.1652 b

Opioid consumption

 PO 24 h (mg)

6.8 ± 4.3

3.6 ± 1.5

3.848

0.0003* a

 PO 72 h (mg)

14.5 ± 5.2

8.2 ± 4.5

5.017

< 0.0001* a

Analgesic used PO 14d to 1y

 Acetaminophen

3 (10%)

2(6.7%)

–

1.0000 c

 COX-2

5 (16.7%)

3(10%)

–

0.7065 c

 Opioids

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

1.0000 c

Function

ROM

 PO 24 h

100.0 ± 9.8 (96.49 to 103.50)

106.5 ± 10.2 (102.85 to 110.15)

3.291

0.0146* a

 PO 48 h

105 ± 10.5 (101.24 to 108.75)

110.8 ± 9.8 (107.29 to 114.23)

2.211

0.0309* a

 PO 72 h

112.5 ± 8.9 (109.31 to 115.68)

114.3 ± 8.2 (120.06 to 124.93)

0.815

0.4186 a

 PO 7d

120.8 ± 7.5 (118.12 to 123.48)

122.5 ± 6.8 (121.67 to 126.32)

0.919

0.3615 a

 PO 14d

123.3 ± 7.3 (120.68 to 125.91)

124 ± 6.5 (123.06 to 126.93)

0.392

0.6963 a

 PO 2 m

124.3 ± 5.2 (122.43 to 126.16)

125 ± 5.4 (123.76 to 126.83)

0.511

0.6110 a

 PO 6 m

124.5 ± 4.6 (122.85 to 126.14)

125.3 ± 4.3 (123.06 to 126.93)

0.608

0.5450 a

 PO 1y

124.5 ± 4.6 (122.85 to 126.14)

125.5 ± 4.6 (123.85 to 127.14)

0.842

0.4030 a

 PO 2y

124.8 ± 4.8 (123.08 to 126.52)

125.6 ± 4.9 (123.84 to 127.35)

0.725

0.5255 a

Straight leg raise test

 PO 24 h

19 (63.3%)

26 (93.3%)

4.356

0.0369* b

 PO 48 h

26 (93.3%)

29 (96.6%)

–

0.3533 c

 PO 72 h

30 (100%)

30 (100%)

–

1.0000 c

Get out of bed test

 PO 24 h

23 (76.6%)

25 (83.3%)

0.416

0.5186 b

 PO 48 h

30 (100%)

30 (100%)

–

1.0000 c

Walking 20 m test

 PO 24 h

18 (60%)

20 (66.7%)

0.287

0.5921 b

 PO 48 h

26 (93.3%)

29 (96.6%)

–

0.3533 c

 PO 72 h

30 (100%)

30 (100%)

–

1.0000 c

Epworth Sleepless score

 PO 1st d

6.5 ± 1.4 (5.99 to 7.00)

5.4 ± 1.4 (4.89 to 5.90)

3.043

0.0035* a

 PO 2nd d

5.4 ± 0.9 (5.07 to 5.72)

4.3 ± 1.2 (3.87 to 4.72)

4.017

0.0002* a

 PO 3rd d

4.8 ± 1.5 (4.26 to 5.33)

3.8 ± 1.0 (3.44 to 4.15)

3.038

0.0036* a

 PO 2 m

3.2 ± 0.6 (2.98 to 3.41)

3.2 ± 0.5 (3.02 to 3.37)

–

1.0000 a

  1. VAS visual analogue scale, ROM range of motion, PO post-operative
  2. a The P value represented the result of the Student’s t test for continuous variables between 2 groups
  3. b The P value represented the result of the Pearson’s χ2 test for discontinues variables between 2 groups
  4. c The P value represented the result of the Fisher’s exact test for discontinues variables between 2 groups
  5. P < 0.05 indicated significant differences