Diclofenac–hyaluronate conjugate (diclofenac etalhyaluronate) intra-articular injection for hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Patients’ demographic and baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Hip N = 90	Ankle N = 60	Shoulder N = 90	Elbow N = 50	Total N = 290
Age, years	59.9 ± 8.9	65.4 ± 11.6	70.2 ± 11.4	61.3 ± 13.0	64.5 ± 11.8
Sex
Male	10 (11.1)	13 (21.7)	47 (52.2)	37 (74.0)	107 (36.9)
Female	80 (88.9)	47 (78.3)	43 (47.8)	13 (26.0)	183 (63.1)
BMI, kg/m²	23.43 ± 3.37	24.67 ± 3.54	24.03 ± 3.46	24.32 ± 3.47	24.03 ± 3.46
Duration of current joint pain, weeks	241.8 ± 255.7	188.3 ± 196.1	161.3 ± 186.4	358.5 ± 401.8	225.9 ± 266.0
Classification of OA
Primary	18 (20.0)	42 (70.0)	69 (76.7)	43 (86.0)	172 (59.3)
Secondary	72 (80.0)	18 (30.0)	21 (23.3)	7 (14.0)	118 (40.7)
Stage of OA^a, n (%)
Stage A	27 (30.0)	19 (31.7)	53 (58.9)	22 (44.0)	121 (41.7)
Stage B	63 (70.0)	41 (68.3)	37 (41.1)	28 (56.0)	169 (58.3)
NRS for pain^b, n (%)	6.94 ± 1.06	7.02 ± 1.06	6.63 ± 1.08	6.69 ± 0.93	6.82 ± 1.05

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
BMI body mass index, OA osteoarthritis, NRS numerical rating scale
^aStage A: Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading score for hip OA stage (Early stage); ankle OA stage (Stage 1/ Stage 2); shoulder OA and elbow OA (Grade 2). Stage B: KL grading score for hip OA stage (Advanced stage); ankle OA stage (Stage 3); shoulder OA and elbow OA (Grade 3)
^bAverage of 7 days prior to Week 0 by the 0–10 numerical rating scale for pain intensity: 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the worst pain

ISSN: 1471-2474