Table 1 Comparison of descriptive data among the three groups

Age (years)

71.9 ± 6.1

(52–86)

64.8 ± 6.6

(50–81)

67.7 ± 5.8

(60–84)

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

BMI

(Kg/m²)

25.6 ± 2.3

(18.1–29.7)

25.2 ± 2.3

(20.6–30.3)

24.7 ± 3

(19.9–36)

0.345

0.918

0.367

1.000

mFTA(°)

6 ± 3.8

)0–10)

4.8 ± 3.1

(0–8)

4.6 ± 2.6

(0–9)

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

1.000

0° to 5°

11 (24.4%)

30 (37.5%)

32 (57.1%)

5° to 10°

34 (75.6%)

50 (62.5%)

24 (42.9%)

MPTA (°)

86.2 ± 1.9

(84–90)

86.3 ± 1.7

(84–90)

86.8 ± 1.6

(82–90)

0.769

0.887

0.466

0.366

TPD (mm)

5.2 ± 2.8

(-3–9.4)

5.9 ± 2.2

(-1.5–9.8)

5.6 ± 2.4

(-2.8- 9.2)

0.882

0.949

0.883

0.972

Posterior tibia slope(°)

10.5 ± 3

(-2.2–15.3)

9.8 ± 2.7

(4.4–16.3)

10.7 ± 2.7

(4.9–16.6)

0.066

FD (mm)

1 ± 1.4

(-1.7- 3.9)

1.3 ± 1.3

(-1.5–4.3)

1.1 ± 1.5

(-1.5–4.4)

0.74

0.982

0.643

0.457