Effectiveness of a group intervention using pain neuroscience education and exercise in women with fibromyalgia: a pragmatic controlled study in primary care

Table 2 Variation of the values in the two study groups

	Control (n = 18)			Intervention (n = 35)			Difference, intervention-control (95% CI)^a	Cohen’s d effect size (95% CI)
	Pre	Post	Diff. Post-Pre	Pre	Post	Diff. Post-Pre	Difference, intervention-control (95% CI)^a	Cohen’s d effect size (95% CI)
WPI	11.5^b ± 3.1^c	10.6 ± 3.8	−0.9 ± 3.9	11.9 ± 3.7	7.1 ± 4.2	−4.6 ± 4.0	−3.7 (from − 6.6 to −2.0)	0.9 (0.3 to 1.53)
SS	7.9 ± 1.8	8.3 ± 1.9	0.3 ± 2.4	8.9 ± 1.6	6.0 ± 2.4	− 3.1 ± 2.5	−3.3 (from − 4.6 to − 2.0)	1.4 (0.7 to 2,0)
i-BPI-sf	25.21 ± 6.7	22.7 ± 6.8	− 2.5 ± 6.9	25.2 ± 6.7	17.1 ± 9.4	−7.5 ± 8.0	−5.0 (from −9.4 to − 0.5)	0.7 (0.1 to 1.2)
a-BPI-sf	47.1 ± 10.7	43 ± 14.3	− 4.4 ± 12.8	45.5 ± 14.8	26.9 ± 16.9	− 18 ± 17.4	−13.6 (from − 22.9 to − 4.2)	0.9 (0.3 to 1.4)
FIQ	59.6 ± 18.6	62.0 ± 22.7	2.5 ± 20.8	68.3 ± 14.0	47.6 ± 25.1	−20.0 ± 24.9	−22.5 (from − 36.2 to − 8.8)	1.0 (0.4 to 1.6)
A-HAD	12.3 ± 3.9	11.1 ± 3.3	−1.6 ± 2.9	12.0 ± 3.6	8.9 ± 4.2	−3.1 ± 4.6	− 1.6 (from − 4.0 a − 0.9)	0.4 (− 0.2 to 1.0)
D-HAD	10.2 ± 4.4	9.3 ± 4.2	−1.2 ± 3.1	9.8 ± 4.0	6.5 ± 5.1	3.1 ± 5.1	−1.9 (from − 4.6 to − 0.7)	0.4 (− 0.2 to 1.0)
T-HAD	22.5 ± 6.9	20.3 ± 6.3	− 2.7 ± 5.4	21.6 ± 6.8	15.3 ± 8. 3	−6.2 ± 9.2	−3.5 (from − 8.2 to − 1.3)	0.4 (−0.2 to 1.0)
HAQ	1.2 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.8	0.1 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.7	−0.4 ± 0.7	−0.5 (from − 0.9 to − 0.1)	0.7 (0.1 to 1.3)
PCS-SP	28.8 ± 9.8	23.8 ± 9.4	− 4.7 ± 6.7	28.3 ± 12.2	15.9 ± 12.4	− 11.3 ± 11.6	−6.6 (from − 11.7 to − 1.6)	0.7 (0.1 to 1.2)

Pre prior to starting the intervention (initial visit), Post 1 year after finishing the intervention (final visit), WPI Widespread Pain Index, SS Symptom severity prior to the intervention, i-BPI-sf pain intensity sub-scale of the Brief Pain Inventory, a-BPI-sf impact on life sub-scale of the Brief Pain Inventory, FIQ Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, A-HAD anxiety sub-scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Questionnaire, D-HAD depression sub-scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Questionnaire, T-HAD total score (anxiety + depression) of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Questionnaire, HAQ functional capacity, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Spanish version (PCS-SP)
^aAfter adjusting for age and baseline values
^bAverage
^cStandard deviation

ISSN: 1471-2474