Poorer sleep quality in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders compared to healthy controls

Table 2 Comparison of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between chronic TMD patients and healthy controls

	Chronic TMD patients (*n =* 503)	Healthy control (*n =* 180)	p-value
Parameter	n (%) or Mean ± SD	n (%) or Mean ± SD
PSQI
Component 1: Subjective sleep quality (0–3) ^a	1.50 ± 0.79	0.59 ± 0.61	< 0.001***
Component 2: Sleep latency (0–3) ^a	0.83 ± 0.97	0.42 ± 0.72	< 0.001***
Component 3: Sleep duration (0–3) ^a	0.72 ± 0.91	0.61 ± 0.79	0.035*
Component 4: Sleep efficiency (0–3) ^a	0.38 ± 0.79	0.11 ± 0.36	< 0.001***
Component 5: Sleep disturbances (0–3) ^a	1.20 ± 0.63	0.45 ± 0.60	< 0.001***
Component 6: Use of sleep medication (0–3) ^a	0.15 ± 0.54	0.04 ± 0.28	0.001**
Component 7: Daytime dysfunction (0–3) ^a	1.41 ± 0.90	1.79 ± 1.04	< 0.001***
PSQI global score (0–21) ^a	6.25 ± 2.77	3.84 ± 2.29	< 0.001***
Poor sleeper (PSQI global score ≥ 5) ^b	286 (56.9)	40 (22.2)	< 0.001***

TMD temporomandibular disorder, SD standard deviation
A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. *: p-value < 0.05, **: p-value < 0.01, ***: p-value < 0.001
^a: The results were obtained via t- test. ^b: The results were obtained from χ2 test

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