Table 2 Outcomes and statistical analyses of included studies
Author | Year | POSS definition | Time point (months) | Type | Valueα | Statistical analysis methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tan, M. | 2016 | Part of a scale (L'Insalata questionnaire) describing perceived shoulder stiffness [36] | 6 | Categorizedμ | - | Bivariable analysis using a 2-way between subject analysis of variance without considering cofounding |
Cucchi, D. | 2020 | Part of range of motion parameters. Defined as forward flexion < 100°, or external rotation with arm at side < 10°, or external rotation with arm in 90° of abduction < 30° | 3 - 6 | Dichotomous | 19/237 (8.01%) | Multivariable analysis using a logistic regression model specified with factors included if their influence was significant in the preliminary univariable analysis |
Takahashi, R. | 2020 | Part of range of motion parameters. Defined as forward flexion < or equal 100°, and external rotation with arm at side < or equal to 10° and internal rotation < or equal to L5 | 6 | Dichotomous | 1/195 (0.51%) | Univariable analysis using Fisher's exact test without considering confounding |
Burrus, M.T | 2019 | Requiring manipulation under anesthesia or a lysis of adhesion | 9 | Dichotomous | 232/19229 (1.21%) | Multivariable database analysis using a logistic regression model specified with risk factors identified in the literature and controlling for several other cofounders |
Cho, C.H. | 2015 | Part of range of motion parameters. Defined as forward flexion of < 120°, and external rotation with arm at side < 30° | 12 | Dichotomous | 7/80 (8.75%) | Univariable analysis using a chi-square test without considering confounding |
Harada, G.K. | 2019 | Requiring manipulation under anesthesia, such as capsular contracture release, shoulder joint, or arthroscopy | 12 | Dichotomous | 73/1881 (3.88%) | Multivariable database analysis using a logistic regression model specified with factors chosen by the authors |
Cho, N.S. | 2015 | Part of range of motion parameters. Defined as forward flexion < 120° and external rotation with arm at side < 30° and internal rotation < L3 | 24 | Dichotomous | 21/335 (6.27%) | Univariable analysis using a chi-square test without considering confounding |