| Before surgery | 1 Year after surgery | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
JOA score | 14.1 ± 4.3 | 20.2 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
VAS | |||
 Low back pain | 66.7 ± 15.9 | 29.7 ± 28.8 | < 0.001 |
 Leg pain | 63.8 ± 22.0 | 31.2 ± 31.4 | < 0.001 |
 Leg numbness | 63.3 ± 26.6 | 34.2 ± 33.4 | < 0.001 |