Skip to main content
Fig. 5 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Fig. 5

From: Roles of multimodal intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a case series of 113 patients

Fig. 5

a Bursting activity caused by traction nerve. It was characterized by long duration and irregularity; b non-bursting regular activity caused by implanted surgical channel, It was characterized by a short duration and appears with the striking of the bone hammer; C interference waveform caused by bipolar radiofrequency burning, It was characterized by being messy and appears with the use of bipolar radiofrequency

Back to article page

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

Contact us