Table 4 Medical history characteristics for periprosthetic joint infection and the outcomes of meta-analysis
Comparisons | Number of studies | RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, p-value* | p-value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. DM vs. non-DM | 15 | 1.64 (1.25–2.21) | 93.5%, < 0.001 | |
1.1 Location | 0.079 | |||
North America | 7 | 1.28 (0.79–2.07) | 96.5%, < 0.001 | |
Asia-Pacific | 4 | 1.84 (1.34–2.53) | 0.0%, 0.434 | |
Europe | 4 | 2.59 (1.17–5.74) | 68.8%, 0.022 | |
1.2 Follow-up years | 0.253 | |||
≥ 3 | 5 | 1.24 (0.97–1.57) | 38.9%, 0.162 | |
< 3 | 10 | 1.94 (1.28–2.93) | 94.1%, < 0.001 | |
1.3 Design | 0.942 | |||
Prospective | 5 | 1.56 (1.09–2.25) | 47.9%, 0.104 | |
Retrospective | 10 | 1.64 (1.09–2.46) | 94.7%, < 0.001 | |
1.4 Confounders adjusted | 0.387 | |||
Multivariate | 9 | 1. 45 (1.00–2.11) | 96.1%, < 0.001 | |
Univariate | 6 | 2.01 (1.28–3.16) | 50.1%, 0.075 | |
2. AVN vs. non | 2 | 1.65 (1.07–2.56) | 53.9%, 0.141 | |
3. femoral neck fracture vs. non | 2 | 1.75 (1.39–2.20) | 0.0%, 0.378 | |
4. RA vs. non | 8 | 1.37 (1.23–1.54) | 0.0%, 0.621 | |
5. CVD vs. non | 8 | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | 61.8%, 0.010 | |
6. Chronic pulmonary disease vs. non | 2 | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 0.0%, 0.897 | |
7. Neurological diseases vs. non | 3 | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 27.8%, 0.250 | |
8. Opioid use vs. non | 3 | 1.53 (1.35–1.73) | 49.6%, 0.137 | |
9. IDA vs. non | 2 | 1.15 (1.13–1.17) | 95%, < 0.001 | |
10. Dysplasia or dislocation vs. non | 2 | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | 0.0%, 0.885 | |
11. OA vs. non | 4 | 0.70 (0.62–0.79) | 0.0%, 0.479 | |
12. Previous joint surgery vs. non | 4 | 2.69 (0.67–10.72) | 83.6%, < 0.001 | |
13. Renal disease vs. non | 4 | 1.33 (0.50–3.53) | 98.7%, < 0.001 | |
14. Hypertension vs. non | 3 | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) | 34.6%, 0.217 | |
15. Cancer vs. non | 2 | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 0.0%, 0.486 | |
16. Steroid use vs. non | 6 | 1.80 (0.89–3.63) | 9.2%, 0.357 | |
17. Liver disease vs. non | 2 | 1.73 (0.86–3.51) | 94.0%, < 0.001 |