Table 3 Non- modifiable risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection and the outcomes of meta-analysis
Comparisons | Number of studies | RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, p-value* | p-value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Gender | 19 | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 83.9%, < 0.001 | |
1.1 Location | 0.804 | |||
North America | 7 | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) | 68.8%, 0.004 | |
Asia-Pacific | 5 | 1.22 (0.80–1.87) | 67.7%, 0.015 | |
Europe | 7 | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | 88.5%, < 0.001 | |
1.2 Follow-up years | 0.787 | |||
≥ 3 | 6 | 1.35 (1.13–1.62) | 91.0%, < 0.001 | |
< 3 | 13 | 1.16 (1.00–1.33) | 56.6%, 0.006 | |
1.3 Study design | 0.078 | |||
Prospective | 7 | 1.39 (1.13–1.72) | 76.1%, < 0.001 | |
Retrospective | 12 | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 75.4%, < 0.001 | |
1.4 Confounders adjusted | 0.601 | |||
Multivariate | 15 | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 87.4%, < 0.001 | |
Univariate | 4 | 1.30 (0.93–1.81) | 0.0%, 0.841 | |
1.5 Quality | 0.684 | |||
< 7 | 8 | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | 44.3%, 0.083 | |
≥ 7 | 11 | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | 89.9%, < 0.001 | |
2. Age | 7 | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 59.0%, 0.023 |