A novel vertebral trench technique (VTT) involving transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF) for very highly up-migrated lumbar disc herniation above L5

Table 1 Patients’ demographic characteristics and Operative characteristics

SEX		Age(years)	Treatment level			Operative time (mean) (range)	Hospital stay (mean) (range)
Male	Female	(Mean ± SD)	L2/3	L3/4	L4/5	54.90 ± 11.00 min (45–70 min)	2.55 days (2–3 days)
6	5	68.5 ± 10	1	4	6	54.90 ± 11.00 min (45–70 min)	2.55 days (2–3 days)

ISSN: 1471-2474