| |
Current smoker
|
Former smoker
|
Nonsmoker
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Number of patients
|
16
|
18
|
68
| |
|
Final Outcomes
|
|
JOA
|
15.63 ± 0.81
|
15.67 ± 1.08
|
15.72 ± 1.03
|
0.935
|
|
NDI
|
9.13 ± 3.63
|
7.89 ± 2.81
|
8.07 ± 2.71
|
0.374
|
|
VAS-arm
|
1.69 ± 0.70
|
1.56 ± 0.86
|
1.65 ± 0.94
|
0.901
|
|
VAS-neck
|
1.50 ± 0.52
|
1.56 ± 0.51
|
1.47 ± 0.61
|
0.857
|
|
Segmental ROM
|
8.70 ± 4.12
|
8.12 ± 4.04
|
8.22 ± 4.18
|
0.902
|
|
C2-7 ROM
|
36.23 ± 12.00
|
38.14 ± 13.02
|
37.95 ± 10.96
|
0.853
|
|
Early fusion effect
|
1.92 ± 0.75
|
2.34 ± 1.02
|
3.34 ± 1.02
|
< 0.001*
|
|
1-year fusion rate
|
11
|
16
|
65
|
0.006*
|
- HS hybrid surgery, JOA Japanese Orthopaedic Association, NDI neck disability index, VAS visual analog scale, ROM range of motion. *P < 0.05, statistically significant
