Table 6 The impact of smoking on male anterior cervical HS patients

Number of patients

24

16

11

Final Outcomes

JOA

15.50 ± 0.83

15.94 ± 1.39

16.00 ± 1.18

NDI

8.04 ± 1.57

7.81 ± 3.47

6.55 ± 0.93

VAS-arm

1.58 ± 0.65

1.31 ± 1.25

1.55 ± 0.52

VAS-neck

1.50 ± 0.51

1.63 ± 0.50

1.55 ± 0.52

Segmental ROM

6.42 ± 2.81

6.98 ± 4.20

7.83 ± 3.14

C2-7 ROM

36.29 ± 9.92

35.09 ± 9.36

34.56 ± 10.46

Early fusion effect

2.63 ± 0.57

4.10 ± 1.66

5.35 ± 2.18

1-year fusion rate

22

16

11