Skip to main content

Table 1 Classification of HO following CDR

From: The impact of smoking on outcomes following anterior cervical fusion-nonfusion hybrid surgery: a retrospective single-center cohort study

Grade

Definition

0

No HO was observed

1

HO does not occur within the disc space

2

HO is present between the planes formed by the vertebral endplates but does not block spinal motion

3

The range of motion of the vertebral endplates is blocked by the formation of HO or osteophytes

4

HO causes bony fusion

  1. HO heterotopic ossification, CDR cervical disc replacement