Fig. 7

Strain patterns of normal and reconstructed calcaneofibular ligaments (CFLs) during the axial motion. a The normal CFL begins to gradually tense at 20° plantar flexion and 5° dorsiflexion. The strain increases as the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion angles increase. The maximum strain value (100) is observed at 15° dorsiflexion, with a relative strain value of 70 at 30° plantar flexion. b The reconstructed CFL begins to gradually tense at 0° dorsiflexion, with the strain increasing as the dorsiflexion angle increases; the maximum strain value (100) is observed at 15° dorsiflexion. Two specimens did not show any strain and one exhibited a strain value of 150 during plantar flexion. Red line, case 1; blue line, case 2; green line, case 3