Fig. 5

Strain patterns of the normal and the reconstructed anterior talofibular ligaments (ATFLs) during the axial motion. a The normal ATFL starts to gradually tense at 0° plantar flexion, with the strain increasing as the plantar flexion angle increases to the maximum strain value (100) at 30° plantar flexion. b The reconstructed ATFL starts to gradually tense at 15° plantar flexion, with strain increasing as the plantar flexion angle increases to the maximum strain value (100) at 30° plantar flexion. Red line, case 1; blue line, case 2; green line, case 3