Fig. 2

Clock plate set up for measurements. a A round metal disk (clock; diameter, 150 mm) with 6-mm-diameter holes placed every 30° around the perimeter is shown affixed to an acrylic plate. The acrylic plate is fixed to the plantar aspect of the foot, using a screw inserted into the calcaneus and a rod inserted between the second and third metatarsals. b The ankle positions were defined as dorsiflexion when the arm was in the 12 o’clock position, plantar flexion (6 o’clock position), inversion (3 o’clock position), and eversion (9 o’clock position); in addition, the 1 and 2 o’clock positions were defined as dorsiflexion-adduction, 4 and 5 o’clock positions represented supination (plantar flexion-adduction), 7 and 8 o’clock positions represented plantar flexion-abduction, and the 10 and 11 o’clock positions were defined as pronation (dorsiflexion-abduction)