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Table 1 Candidate variables

From: Prevalence and risk factors for bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients from South China: modeled by three methods

Domains

Variablesa

Demographics and lifestylesb

(1) age, (2) BMI, (3) gender, (4) smoker, always or never/seldom, (5) drinking, always or never/seldom

Medical historyb

(6) hypertension, (7) diabetes mellitus, (8) coronary heart disease, (9) hyperuricemia, (10) dyslipidemia, (11) femoral neck necrosis

Medication history of RA patientsb

(12) chronic NSAIDs usage, (13) chronic GC usage, (14) types of cDMARDs recently taking, (15) TNFi usage in the last one year, (16) overall anti-osteoporotic medication historyb,

(17) disease duration

Laboratory

(18) serum calcium level, (19) serum phosphate level, (20) sCr, (21) sUA, (22) CRP levelb, (23) ESRb, (24) rheumatoid factor concentrationb, (25) anti-CCP concentrationb (26) serum 25(OH)D3 levelb, (27) C3 level, (28) C4 level, (29) CH50 level, (30) ANA titer, (31) rheumatoid factor positive, (32) anti-CCP positive, (33) AKA positive, (34) RA33 positive

  1. BMI Body mass index, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, GC Glucocorticoid, cDMARDs Conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, TNFi Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor, sCr Serum creatine level, sUA Serum uric acid level, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anti-CCP Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, AKA Antikeratin antibodies, RA33 Anti-RA33 antibodies, C3 Complement component 3, C4 Complement component 4, CH50 Serum total complement activity, ANA Antinuclear antibodies
  2. aAll variables were included in statistics-driven (LASSO) and random forest model. Except from variable 1,2,16–29, all variables were categorial or dichotomous
  3. bFactors selected for the clinical knowledge-preselected model