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Primary outcomes
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Self-reported pain
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0–10 (higher scores indicate more serious pain)
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11-point numerical pain rating scale
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Baseline, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after allocation
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Self-reported function
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0–68 (higher scores indicate more serious dysfunction)
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Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) – physical function subscale
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Secondary outcomes
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Self-reported pain
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0–20 (higher scores indicate more serious pain)
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WOMAC pain subscale
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Baseline, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after allocation
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Functional performance
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Metres (longer distance indicates better function)
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6-min walk test (6MWT)
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Seconds (shorter time indicates better function)
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Timed up & go (TUG) test
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Sensitisation in resting state
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Kilogram (lighter pressure indicates a greater degree of sensitisation or increased pain sensitivity)
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Pressure pain threshold (PPT)
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Exercise-dependent sensitisation
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0–11 (higher scores indicate a greater degree of sensitisation or increased pain sensitivity)
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Changes in self-reported pain pre-, post- and during exercise via 11-point numerical pain rating scale in exercise diaries
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Catastrophising
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0–52 (higher scores indicate a greater degree of pain catastrophising)
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Pain catastrophising scale (PCS)
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Fear related to movements
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17–68 (higher scores indicate more serious fear)
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Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK)
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Self-trust in exercise
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0–70 (higher scores indicate stronger confidence)
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Self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEES)
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Self-trust in pain
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0–50 (higher scores indicate stronger confidence)
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Pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ)
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Acquisition of knowledge about KOA
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0–156 (higher scores indicate less knowledge of KOA)
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Educational needs assessment tool (ENAT)
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Mental resilience
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10–50 (higher scores indicate stronger adaptation competence in the face of problems)
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10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10)
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Perceived social support
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8–50 (higher scores indicate more satisfying social support)
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Satisfaction with received social support (SRSS)
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Pain affecting social participation
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16–96 (higher scores indicate more serious impairment in social participation)
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Pain inference subscale of the West Haven Yale multidimensional pain inventory (WHYMPI)
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Quality of life
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Standardised scores for every section (higher scores indicate more serious impairment in social participation)
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36-item short-form health survey (SF-36)
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Baseline, and 12 and 24 weeks after allocation
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Other assessments
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Comorbid conditions
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1–41 (higher scores indicate more complex and dangerous comorbid conditions)
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Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)
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Baseline
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Level of physical activity
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Four levels divided into inactive, light-, moderate-, hard-, and very hard-intensity.
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Stanford brief activity survey (SBAS)
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Overall mental health
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14–70 (higher scores indicate better psychological health)
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Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS)
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Drugs, physical therapies, and other therapies used
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Type, frequency, duration
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Self-report
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