Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients
From: Responsiveness of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire in patients with spondyloarthritis
|
Baseline (N=151) |
Follow-up Completion (N=113) | Follow-up Incompletion (N=38) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic, % (n) | |||||
| Age, mean ± SD | 45.5±13.0 | 44.7±13.0 | 47.6±12.7 | 0.234 | |
| Gender | 0.145 | ||||
| Female | 30.5 % (46) | 33.6 % (38) | 21.1 % (8) | ||
| Male | 69.5 % (105) | 66.4 % (75) | 78.9 % (30) | ||
| Smoking | 0.011* | ||||
| Non-smoker | 81.5 % (123) | 86.7 % (98) | 65.8 % (25) | ||
| Smoker | 9.9 % (15) | 6.2 % (7) | 21.1 % (8) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 8.6 % (13) | 7.1 % (8) | 13.2 % (5) | ||
| Drinking | 0.732 | ||||
| Non-drinker | 29.3 % (44) | 30.4 % (34) | 26.3 % (10) | ||
| Ex-drinker | 11.3 % (17) | 9.8 % (11) | 15.8 % (6) | ||
| Social drinker | 55.3 % (83) | 55.4 % (62) | 55.3 % (21) | ||
| Current drinker | 4.0 % (6) | 4.5 % (5) | 2.6 % (1) | ||
| Education level | 0.009* | ||||
| Primary | 8.0 % (12) | 9.8 % (11) | 2.6 % (1) | ||
| Secondary | 47.3 % (71) | 40.2 % (45) | 68.4 % (26) | ||
| Tertiary or above | 44.7 % (67) | 50.0 % (56) | 29.0 % (11) | ||
| Family income level | 0.550 | ||||
| <HK$10000 | 18.0 % (27) | 17.9 % (20) | 18.4 % (7) | ||
| HK$10000-30000 | 43.3 % (65) | 41.1 % (46) | 50.0 % (19) | ||
| HK$30000-60000 | 20.7 % (31) | 20.5 % (23) | 21.1 % (8) | ||
| >HK$60000 | 18.0 % (27) | 20.5 % (23) | 10.5 % (4) | ||
| Occupation | 0.905 | ||||
| Student | 7.3 % (11) | 8.0 % (9) | 5.3 % (2) | ||
| Housewife | 5.3 % (8) | 4.4 % (5) | 7.9 % (3) | ||
| Work | 72.9 % (110) | 72.6 % (82) | 73.7 % (28) | ||
| Unemployed | 3.3 % (5) | 3.5 % (4) | 2.6 % (1) | ||
| Retired | 11.3 % (17) | 11.5 % (13) | 10.5 % (4) | ||
| Clinical, % (n) | |||||
| Positive HLA-B27 | 0.267 | ||||
| No | 18.7 % (26) | 20.8 % (22) | 12.1 % (4) | ||
| Yes | 81.3 % (113) | 79.2 % (84) | 87.9 % (29) | ||
| BASDAI | 0.588 | ||||
| Low disease activity (<4) | 61.6 % (93) | 62.8 % (71) | 57.9 % (22) | ||
| High disease activity (>=4) | 38.4 % (58) | 37.2 % (42) | 42.1 % (16) | ||
| ASDAS-CRP | <0.001* | ||||
| Inactive disease (<1.3) | 39.7 % (60) | 47.8 % (54) | 15.8 % (6) | ||
| Moderate disease activity (1.3-2.1) | 30.5 % (46) | 30.1 % (34) | 31.6 % (12) | ||
| High disease activity (2.1-3.5) | 26.5 % (40) | 21.2 % (24) | 42.1 % (16) | ||
| Very high disease activity (>3.5) | 3.3 % (5) | 0.9 % (1) | 10.5 % (4) | ||
| Family History | 0.655 | ||||
| No | 71.8 % (107) | 71.2 % (79) | 73.7 % (28) | ||
| Yes | 26.8 % (40) | 27.9 % (31) | 23.7 % (9) | ||
| Axial spondyloarthritis | 0.078 | ||||
| No | 17.2 % (26) | 20.4 % (23) | 7.9 % (3) | ||
| Yes | 82.8 % (125) | 79.6 % (90) | 92.1 % (35) | ||
| Peripheral spondyloarthritis | 0.030* | ||||
| No | 83.4 % (126) | 79.6 % (90) | 94.7 % (36) | ||
| Yes | 16.6 % (25) | 20.4 % (23) | 5.3 % (2) | ||
| Peripheral arthritis | 0.093 | ||||
| No | 62.3 % (94) | 58.4 % (66) | 73.7 % (28) | ||
| Yes | 37.7 % (57) | 41.6 % (47) | 26.3 % (10) | ||
| Dactylitis | 0.787 | ||||
| No | 96.7 % (146) | 96.5 % (109) | 97.4 % (37) | ||
| Yes | 3.3 % (5) | 3.5 % (4) | 2.6 % (1) | ||
| Uveitis | 0.872 | ||||
| No | 64.2 % (97) | 64.6 % (73) | 63.2 % (24) | ||
| Yes | 35.8 % (54) | 35.4 % (40) | 36.8 % (14) | ||
| Psoriasis | |||||
| No | 87.4 % (132) | 85.0 % (96) | 94.7 % (36) | ||
| Yes | 12.6 % (19) | 15.0 % (17) | 5.3 % (2) | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.994 | ||||
| No | 97.4 % (147) | 97.3 % (110) | 97.4 % (37) | ||
| Yes | 2.6 % (4) | 2.7 % (3) | 2.6 % (1) | ||
| HADS | |||||
| Depression | 0.124 | ||||
| Normal (0-7) | 80.6 % (112) | 79.8 % (83) | 82.9 % (29) | ||
| Borderline (8–10) | 14.4 % (20) | 14.4 % (15) | 14.3 % (5) | ||
| Abnormal (11–21) | 5.0 % (7) | 5.8 % (6) | 2.9 % (1) | ||
| Anxiety | 0.407 | ||||
| Normal (0-7) | 68.4 % (95) | 71.2 % (74) | 60.0 % (21) | ||
| Borderline (8–10) | 20.9 % (29) | 19.2 % (20) | 25.7 % (9) | ||
| Abnormal (11–21) | 10.8 % (15) | 9.6 % (10) | 14.3 % (5) | ||
| Backpain duration | 16.6±12.1 | 15.9±11.5 | 17.4±12.7 | 0.540 | |
| Current back pain | 0.285 | ||||
| No | 22.0 % (33) | 24.1 % (27) | 15.8 % (6) | ||
| Yes | 78.0 % (117) | 75.9 % (85) | 84.2 % (32) | ||
| Tender joints | 0.36±1.23 | 0.40±1.36 | 0.24±0.75 | 0.488 | |
| Swollen joints | 0.21±1.12 | 0.25±1.28 | 0.08±0.36 | 0.424 | |
| Dactylitis score | 0.01±0.11 | 0.01±0.09 | 0.03±0.16 | 0.419 | |
| Enthesitis score | 0.23±0.77 | 0.28±0.86 | 0.08±0.36 | 0.158 | |
| Baseline treatment | |||||
| NSAIDs/COX-2 Inhibitors | 0.892 | ||||
| No | 24.5 % (37) | 24.8 % (28) | 23.7 % (9) | ||
| Yes | 75.5 % (114) | 75.2 % (85) | 76.3 % (29) | ||
| DMARDs | 0.041* | ||||
| No | 68.2 % (103) | 63.7 % (72) | 81.6 % (31) | ||
| Yes | 31.8 % (48) | 36.3 % (41) | 18.4 % (7) | ||
| Biologics | 0.102 | ||||
| No | 74.2 % (112) | 70.8 % (80) | 84.2 % (32) | ||
| Yes | 25.8 % (39) | 29.2 % (33) | 15.8 % (6) | ||
| Baseline disease activity status | |||||
| BASDAI | 3.45±1.91 | 3.43±1.90 | 3.52±1.95 | 0.793 | |
| BASFI | 2.13±1.98 | 2.09±2.06 | 2.28±1.75 | 0.610 | |
| BASMI | 4.05±1.63 | 3.98±1.56 | 4.29±1.82 | 0.309 | |
| ASDAS-ESR | 2.36±0.92 | 2.34±0.93 | 2.42±0.88 | 0.655 | |
| ASDAS-CRP | 1.63±0.98 | 1.42±0.89 | 2.26±0.98 | <0.001 | |
| CRP (g/dL) | 0.76±1.57 | 0.75±1.63 | 0.81±1.36 | 0.846 | |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 23.26±18.21 | 23.37±19.47 | 22.95±14.04 | 0.902 | |
| SF-36 | |||||
| Physical functioning | 75.97±19.90 | 75.88±19.70 | 76.25±20.75 | 0.923 | |
| Role limitations due to physical functioning | 70.62±25.36 | 69.38±25.53 | 74.18±24.84 | 0.317 | |
| Bodily pain | 33.64±8.68 | 33.34±9.01 | 34.54±7.65 | 0.468 | |
| General health perceptions | 54.76±9.27 | 54.09±9.40 | 56.73±8.72 | 0.135 | |
| Vitality | 53.93±11.51 | 53.75±10.55 | 54.44±14.08 | 0.751 | |
| Role limitations due to emotional problems | 72.35±23.73 | 72.50±23.77 | 71.93±23.92 | 0.899 | |
| Social functioning | 48.92±8.92 | 47.99±8.48 | 51.64±9.71 | 0.029* | |
| Mental health | 56.17±10.62 | 56.21±10.76 | 56.05±10.34 | 0.938 | |
| Physical component summary | 38.24±7.24 | 37.97±7.27 | 39.03±7.20 | 0.696 | |
| Mental component summary | 42.76±5.34 | 42.75±5.24 | 42.77±5.71 | 0.988 | |
| HADS | |||||
| Anxiety | 5.91±3.60 | 5.76±3.61 | 6.37±3.58 | 0.386 | |
| Depression | 4.81±3.46 | 4.71±3.56 | 5.11±3.17 | 0.553 | |
| Total | 10.70±6.59 | 10.43±6.68 | 11.49±6.32 | 0.415 | |