Table 2 Post intervention comparison of pain, function and quadriceps peak force between the local exercise therapy and spinal manual therapy groups

Variables

M

M

M

M

M

Effect size

P value ^c

M

Effect size

P value ^c

Maximum pain (mm)

59.7 ± 22.0 ^a

52.7 ± 25.5 ^b

36.3 ± 23.0 ^a

34.0 ± 29.1 ^b

23.4 [9.3; 37.6]

1.036

0.002

18.7[1.4; 36.0]

0.676

0.034

Minimum pain (mm)

6.5(0.0; 12.5)

1.5(0.0; 17.0)

0.0(0.0; 1.0] ^a

0.0(0.0; 0.0) ^b

6.5(0.0; 11.5)

−0.398

0.009

1.5(0.0; 17.0)

−0.304

0.046

Current pain (mm)

15.0(3.8; 28.5) ^a

11.0(0.0; 31.8)

2.0(0.0; 11.5) ^a

0.0(0.0; 14.5) ^b

13.0(3.8; 17.0)

−0.307

0.044

11.0(0.0; 17.3)

−0.341

0.026

AKPS

70.9 ± 14.3 ^a

75.6 ± 14.9 ^b

83.3 ± 10.9 ^a

87.1 ± 12.1 ^b

− 12.4[− 20.2; − 4.7]

−1.000

0.002

− 11.5[− 19.9; − 3.3]

−0.869

0.008

MVPF (N·m)

140.0(111.0; 167.0)

133.5(110.3; 160.3)

127.0(117.0; 144.5)

128.0(112.0; 153.0) ^b

13.0(− 6.0; 22.5)

−0.098

0.522

5.5(−1.7; 6.7)

−0.101

0.506