Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for self-evaluated improvement on main goal, dichotomized in improved (achieved main goal) and not improved (partly achieved or not achieved) and goal classes and demographical, anthropometric, psychosocial and disease-specific variables. Odds ratio > 1 indicates higher odds for reporting improved. N = 1031

Goal classes

.082

 Symptom only

Reference

Reference

 Function/structure included

.80 (.54 to 1.19)

.272

.59 (.34 to 1.00)

 Activity/participation included

1.09 (.75 to 1.58)

.669

.87 (.53 to 1.45)

 Non-classifiable

1.34 (.81 to 2.23)

.252

1.14 (.58 to 2.24)

Age

.99 (.99 to 1.00)

.112

1.00 (.99 to 1.01)

Gender

1.33 (1.01 to 1.77)

.040

1.16 (.78 to 1.72)

BMI

.99 (.97 to 1.01)

.176

Treatment belief^a

.076

 Totally agree

 Agree

.70 (.51 to .96)

.024

 Neither agree nor disagree

.58 (.31 to 1.08)

.085

Emotional distress (HSCL10, score 1–4),

.51 (.38 to .69)

<.001

.58 (.40 to .85)

Severity (score 0–10)

.84 (.77 to .91)

<.001

.88 (.80 to .99)

Duration

<.001

  < 3 m

Reference

Reference

 3-12 m

.48 (.32 to .73)

.001

.54 (.33 to .86)

  > 12 m

.51 (.35 to .73)

<.001

.54 (.35 to .82)

Body region/diagnosis

.004

 Spinal

Reference

 Upper extremities

.84 (.57 to 1.23)

.371

 Lower extremities

.74 (.55 to 1.00)

.050

 Unspecific/multisite conditions

.40 (.24 to .66)

<.001