Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics and outcomes for the total study sample and for the four groups based on goal classes. Mean (SD) or N (%)
Total N = 2591 (100%) | Symptom only N = 440 (17.0%) | Function/structure included N = 838 (32.3%) | Activity/participation included N = 1122 (43.3%) | Non-classifiable N = 191 (7.4%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | ||||||
Age years, mean (SD) | 48.4 (18.1) | 42.4 (16.9) bcd* | 52.0 (16.8) ac* | 47.5 (18.8) a* | 50.9 (17.9) a* | <.001 |
Gender female, N (%) | 1763 (69.5) | 330 (76.7) | 563 (68.1) | 723 (66.5) | 147 (77.4) | <.001 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 26.6 (10.4) | 25.5 (4.9) | 27.3 (13.1) | 26.6 (10.2) | 25.8 (4.5) | .092 |
Severity (0–10) N (%) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.7) c* | 5.3 (1.6) | 5.5 (1.7) a* | 5.4 (1.6) | <.001 |
Body region/diagnosis N (%) | <.001 | |||||
Spinal | 750 (28.9) | 211 (47.7) | 220 (25.8) | 259 (23.5) | 60 (30.0) | |
Upper extremities | 504 (19.4) | 68 (15.4) | 228 (26.7) | 187 (17.0) | 21 (10.5) | |
Lower extremities | 1118 (43.0) | 107 (24.2) | 344 (40.3) | 595 (53.2) | 72 (36.0) | |
Unspecific/ multisite conditions | 225 (8.7) | 56 (12.7) | 61 (7.2) | 61 (5.5) | 47 (23.5) | |
Emotional distress (HSCL10, score 1–4), mean (SD) | 1.62 (.51) | 1.66 (.51) d* | 1.60 (.49) d* | 1.60 (.50) d* | 1.86 (.61) abc* | .001 |
Treatment beliefs, N (%) | 1776 | .021 | ||||
Totally agree | 994 (56.0) | 128 (46.2) | 332 (59.0) | 466 (57.5) | 68 (54.4) | |
Agree | 658 (37.0) | 120 (43.3) | 194 (34.5) | 299 (36.9) | 45 (36.0) | |
Neither agree nor disagree | 122 (6.9) | 29 (10.5) | 36 (6.4) | 45 (5.5) | 12 (9.6) | |
Disagree | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
Duration, N (%) | 1817 | .575 | ||||
< 3 m | 386 (21.2) | 77 (24.1) | 119 (19.6) | 162 (21.8) | 28 (19.2) | |
3-12 m | 518 (28.5) | 85 (26.6) | 170 (28.0) | 222 (29.9) | 41 (28.1) | |
> 12 m | 913 (50.2) | 158 (49.4) | 319 (52.5) | 359 (48.3) | 77 (52.7) | |
Education, N (%) | 2072 | .350 | ||||
High school or less | 826 (39.9) | 124 (36.5) | 276 (40.5) | 374 (41.5) | 52 (34.9) | |
Up to 4y higher seducation | 663 (32.0) | 118 (34.7) | 211 (31.8) | 276 (30.6) | 58 (38.9) | |
4y higher education sor more | 583 (28.1) | 98 (28.8) | 195 (28.6) | 251 (27.9) | 39 (26.2) | |
Outcome measures | ||||||
Global perceived effect – Improved | 900 (65.0) | 122 (55.5) | 290 (64.2) | 429 (71.1) | 59 (54.1) | <.001 |
Main goal achieved | 439 (42.6) | 64 (42.7) | 123 (37.4) | 201 (45.8) | 51 (50.0) | .081 |
PSFS change (− 10 to 10) | 2.94 (2.98) | 2.61 (2.96) | 3.05 (2.94) | 3.13 (3.04) d* | 2.23 (2.7) c* | .022 |
Pain intensity change (−10 to 10) | −1.12 (2.40) | − 1.19 (2.36) d* | −0.98 (2.35) | −1.34 (2.41) d* | −0.31 (2.43) ac* | <.001 |